真兴寺阁
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宋代]：苏轼
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山川与城郭，漠漠同一形。
市人与鸦鹊，浩浩同一声。
此阁几何高，何人之所营。
侧身送落日，引手攀飞星。
当年王中令，斫木南山赪。
写真留阁下，铁面眼有棱。
身强八九尺，与阁两峥嵘。
古人虽暴恣，作事今世惊。
登者尚呀喘，作者何以胜。
曷不观此阁，其人勇且英。
真兴寺阁译文及注释
译文
登阁远眺但见山川和城郭，渺渺冥冥浑同一体难以辨认。
市人的喧闹与鸦鹊啼鸣，远远听来合成了一种声音。
这个寺阁到底有多么高峻？这个寺阁又是谁人经营？
侧着身子可以送走落日，举起手来就能攀摘飞星。
当年那位姓王的中书令，曾把终南山的林木砍伐干净。
绘下自己的画像留在阁中，面色铁黑目光炯炯。
身躯有八九尺高大，和寺阁一样气度峥嵘。
古代虽有许多人粗暴骄横，作的事却常让世人惊叹。
登阁的人还紧张得张口喘息，造阁的人不知何以能够承担！
为何不仔细观看这一寺阁，就可以知道王中书有多么英勇大胆。
注释
⑴真兴寺阁：在凤翔城中，高十余丈，为宋初河阳三城节度使王彦超所建。
⑵漠漠：密布、广布貌。
⑶浩浩：旷远貌。
⑷引手：伸手。飞星：流星。
⑸王中令：指王彦超，临清（今属山东）人，历仕晋汉周，累官河阳三城节度使，以功加检校太师。北周及宋初曾两任凤翔节度使，宋初加兼中书令，封邠国公。中令，中书令的省称。
⑹斫（zhuó）木：谓砍伐木材建筑寺阁。南山赪 （chēng）：谓终南山林木被伐尽，山岭赤裸呈红色。 赪，赤色。
⑺写真：画像。
⑻铁面：黑脸。眼有棱（léng）：谓目光炯炯有神。
⑼身强：一作“身长”。
⑽峥嵘（zhēng róng）：高峻，并谓气象超越寻常。
⑾暴恣（zì）：暴戾骄纵。
⑿令世惊：一作“今世惊”。
⒀呀喘（chuǎn）：张口喘气。
⒁胜（shēng）：承受，力能担任。
⒂曷（hé）：何，何故。
⒃其人：指王彦超。
参考资料：
1、霍松林 等．宋诗鉴赏辞典：上海辞书出版社，1987：322-324
2、孙凡礼 刘尚荣．苏轼诗词选：中华书局，2005：18-19
3、王水照 朱刚．苏轼诗词文选评：上海古籍出版社，2003：25-26
真兴寺阁创作背景
这首五言古诗作于宋仁宗嘉祐六年（1061年），这一年作者以直言极谏策问列入三等，授大理寺评事、签书凤翔府节度判官厅公事，开始进入仕途。此诗作于凤翔，为《凤翔八观》中的第六篇。
参考资料：
1、霍松林 等．宋诗鉴赏辞典：上海辞书出版社，1987：322-324
真兴寺阁鉴赏
诗的起笔四句从“山川与城郭”至“浩浩同一声”，总写此阁的高峻。诗人登临阁上，但觉山川城郭，冥冥漠漠，仿佛同为一个形体。世人纷杂的声音，和鸦鸣鹊噪，浩浩茫茫，混合在一起。这四句起得突兀，写得极为传神。化用杜甫《同诸公登慈恩寺塔》诗“秦山忽破碎，泾渭不可求；俯视但一气，焉能辨皇州”句意，但意象有所扩大，写的是凭高纵目，所见各类形态，旷远微茫，所闻的种种音响，也难以辨别的景况。次四句由阁之高而引起遐想。前两句故作设问：“此阁几何高？何人之所营？”这两句是说：这真兴寺阁，究竟有几多高呢？又是何人所营建的呢？后两句“侧身送落日，引手攀飞星”，用形象化的语言，先回答“几何高”这一设问。作者说：登临此阁，几乎侧着身子，就可以目送太阳落山（这是俯视所感）。伸出手来，竟可以攀摘飞星（这是仰观所觉）。两句用虚写表明实际感受，生动恍惚，极夸张之能事。接着以“当年王中令，斫木南山赪”两句，回答了上文另一设问“何人之所营”。作者说：当年王彦超将军，以凤翔节度使加中书令的身份，驻节凤翔府，曾经伐木于州南的赪山，建成此阁。王中令因何建阁，作者并没有提起，但在下面四句：“写真留阁下······与阁相峥嵘。”勾勒出他的形象：此人建阁之后，曾在阁下留有画像，他面色铁黑，眼光有如紫石棱，有将军的气概。他身长八九尺，此像与此阁都峥嵘高峻，给人以威严的感受，使人印象很深。
诗的最后，作者以“古人虽暴恣”等六句，写诗人的所感。作者认为有些古人（包括诗里的王中令），其人虽说恣睢暴戾不足称道，但他们所作之事，也使世人为之惊奇。即以此阁而论，登者尚且感到惊讶吁喘，不知道建阁之人，具有何种胆量，能泰然胜任。结尾“曷不观此阁，其人勇且英。”作者更加强语气说：君如不信，何不观看此阁，则知王中令，亦为勇猛英杰之辈，是不能拿一般的武人来看待他的。
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长安秋夜》
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司马相如《
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美人赋》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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明代：
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王虞凤
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新兴蛾髻如盂。插金鹅。点点蔷薇香露、沁牙梳。
匀面罢，呼女伴，坐氍歈。又向绿窗深处、赌樗蒲。