定风波·山路风来草木香
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宋代]：辛弃疾
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药名招婺源马荀仲游雨岩。马善医。
山路风来草木香。雨余凉意到胡床。泉石膏肓吾已甚，多病，提防风月费篇章。
孤负寻常山简醉，独自，故应知子草玄忙。湖海早知身汗漫，谁伴？只甘松竹共凄凉。
定风波·山路风来草木香译文及注释
译文
用中药名邀请婺源马荀仲来一起游览雨岩。马荀仲擅长医术。
下雨过后，山路上轻风吹拂，被雨水洗过的草木也都发出了清香，居室内也凉快起来了。我的游览山水名胜之病已入膏肓，算是没有药可救了。虽已多病，却还甘愿去为这些风月闲情费精神。
我也知道你忙于著述，所以平常我也总是一个人寻醉，是怕打搅了你。社会上早就知道我是一个可有可无之人，除了好友如你，还有谁来伴我出游呢？如你再不来，那我只有跟松竹共凄凉了。
注释
定风波：词牌名。一作“定风波令”，又名“卷春空”、“醉琼枝”。双调六十二字，上片五句三平韵，二仄韵，下片六句四仄韵，二平韵。
马荀仲：事历未详。雨岩：博山的一处山崖，位于永丰县西20里，离上饶极近。
胡床：一种四脚可以交叠收起的轻便坐具。
孤负：即辜负。季伦，晋山简子。
湖海：就是所谓之江湖，也就是社会。汗漫：漫无边际，此处可作可有可无讲。
参考资料：
1、辛弃疾．稼轩词编年笺注．上海：上海古籍出版社，2007：184
定风波·山路风来草木香创作背景
这首词当作于辛弃疾闲居上饶带湖时期，是招呼一位行医的朋友一起游览雨岩而作的。
参考资料：
1、谢俊华．辛弃疾全词详注（上册）．沈阳：辽宁人民出版社，2016：269-270
定风波·山路风来草木香鉴赏
因为马荀仲是医生，所以稼轩就用药名写入邀他一起去游雨岩的词中。看来纯属游戏笔墨，但正如鲁迅说的“从喷泉里出来的都是水，从血管里出来的都是血”一样，这即兴之作，也莫不充满了愤懑之情。
雨岩风景优美，稼轩多次游历，已记于词者有《念奴娇》《水龙吟》《山鬼谣》《生查子》《蝶恋花》可见其情有独钟。词中“木香”、“雨余凉”（禹余粮）、“石膏”、“防风”、“常山”、“知子”（栀子）、“海早”（海藻）、甘松等，均为药名。一经嵌入词中，却全不露痕迹。若不是他特地提出，几乎读不出药味来。药味是读不出，但如松竹之于风雪吧，于“凄凉”中更形挺拔。词之有味，正是在这于凄凉中，更见精神之感人。
首二句“山路风来草木香。雨余凉意到胡床”。此处只不过是说下雨过后，居室内也凉快起来。而户外此时天更蓝、草木更翠、空气更清新，加之天气凉爽，正是最好出游的时候。首先把气氛造足，提出好一个先决条件。然后第三句说明出游的原因，泉石之病已入膏肓，无药可救。第四句一转，已是“多病”了，还甘愿去为这些风月闲情费精神。之所以要“提防”者，是一不小心就容易犯上了之缘故。这里使人想到了梁时的吏部尚书徐勉，史书说他“常与门人夜集，客有虞暠求詹事五官，勉正色答云：‘今夕止可谈风月，不宜及公事。’”而今稼轩已无公事可谈，所以他要提防的倒不是公事，而是要“提防风月费篇章”了，孔子说：诗可以怨。他这就是怨，但却是以游戏笔墨出之。这就又符合了中国诗教之所谓的“哀而不怨”。所谓“不怨”，是指字面上的，并不否定“哀”，故哀正在骨子里。
下阕以道歉为过渡，正是承上启下。词人说得非常可怜。这里他用了两个典故，“草《玄》”，这只是把马医生比作扬雄，说他和扬雄一样，在家里忙着写他的《太玄》经。这只是客套话。而以“山简”自称的就有点牢骚了。山简，西晋永嘉三年（309）出为征南将军，都督荆、襄、交、广四州诸军事，镇襄阳。时天下分崩，山无用武之地，故尝醉酒。稼轩于江西安抚使任上刚授两浙西路提点刑狱公事，旋即因诬落职，祖国分裂，他亦无可用武之地，倒是与山简有些相像，然而山简毕竟还是身在公门，没有像他这样一掳到底，成了平头老百姓一个。所以他要说“孤负平常山简醉”了。其实他又不可和山简相比。山简之醉，还有可说，因为他毕竟还是将军，不能为国出力，是以只有“醉”。而他什么也不是，既不守土，也无言责。他也要以醉来麻醉自己，是自作多情。则这“孤负”也实在不知是稼轩孤负于朝廷，还是朝廷孤负于稼轩，谁也不好说，所以他只好说自己孤负了这一“醉”。
末段再一激。“湖海早知身汗漫”，这里邀人而把对方的身份也抬得很高。不止文如扬雄，其品也如竹之直而有节，如松之傲而不屈。看来除了马荀仲，再就是松竹，世上就再没有其他的人可以为伴了。这样的“凄凉”表述的还是怀才不遇的愤懑和不甘寂寞的激越。
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杜甫《
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与李十二白同寻范十隐居》
辛弃疾简介
唐代·辛弃疾的简介
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辛弃疾（1140－1207），南宋词人。原字坦夫，改字幼安，别号稼轩，汉族，历城（今山东济南）人。出生时，中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军，不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》，条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情，倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤，对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责；也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词，风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当政的主和派政见不合，后被弹劾落职，退隐江西带湖。
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清代：
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顾太清
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冒雪冲寒，崎岖路、马蹄奔走。望不尽、远山冠玉，六花飞凑。
碧瓦遥瞻心似剖，殡宫展拜浇杯酒。哭慈亲、血泪染麻衣，斑斑透。