梦后寄欧阳永叔
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宋代]：梅尧臣
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不趁常参久，安眠向旧溪。
五更千里梦，残月一城鸡。
适往言犹在，浮生理可齐。
山王今已贵，肯听竹禽啼。
梦后寄欧阳永叔译文及注释
译文
我已经离开朝廷很久，安心地居住在故乡。
晚上忽然做了个梦，梦中又回到了千里外的京城，与你相会；梦醒时已是五更，鸡鸣阵阵，落月照着屋梁。
回味梦中，欢叙友情的话还在耳边回响，想到这人生，不也和一场梦一样？
老朋友啊，你如今已登显贵，是不是还肯像过去同游时，再听那竹禽啼唱？
注释
永叔：欧阳修的字。
趁：跟随。常参：宋制，文官五品以上及两省供奉官、监察御史、员外郎、太常博士每天参加朝见，称常参官。梅尧臣回乡前官太常博士，得与常参。
旧溪：指家乡宣城。宣城有东西二溪。
五更：中国古代把夜晚分成五个时段，用鼓打更报时，此为第五个时段，即天将明时。千里梦：梦到了千里外的京城。
一城鸡：满城鸡鸣。
往：指梦中赴京华与欧阳修相会。
浮生：人生。这是梅尧臣自嘲的说法，指自己大半生虚度。
山王：山指山涛，王指王戎，均为竹林七贤之一。山涛后官吏部尚书，王戎官司徒、尚书令。
竹禽：即竹鸡，善啼，栖竹林内。
参考资料：
1、李梦生．宋诗三百首全解：复旦大学出版社，2007：28-29
2、张鸣．宋诗选：人民文学出版社，2004：77
梦后寄欧阳永叔创作背景
至和二年（1055），梅尧臣已经居丧住故乡宣城三年了。这天晚上，他做了个梦，梦见与好朋友欧阳修在京城欢聚。梦醒后，天还没亮，残月斜照，鸡鸣声不绝于耳。他感慨不已，写下了这首诗。
参考资料：
1、李梦生．宋诗三百首全解：复旦大学出版社，2007：28-29
梦后寄欧阳永叔鉴赏
诗题是“梦后”，诗的重点也是抒发梦后感怀，但诗先从未入梦时写，交代自己的情况，作为梦的背景。首联实写，随手而出，说自己离开朝廷已经很久，安居在故乡。这联很质朴，实话实说，但对后面写梦起了重要作用。唯有“不趁常参久”，与友人离别多日，所以思之切，形诸梦寐；唯有“安眠向旧溪”，满足于现状，才会有下文感叹人生如梦，唯适为安，希望欧阳修富贵不忘贫贱之交的想法。接下去，“五更千里梦，残月一城鸡”两句，转入“梦后”情景。
这首诗之所以见称于人，主要就在这三四两句，特别是第四句，写景如画，并含不尽之意。一些文学史就以它作为梅尧臣“状难写之景，含不尽之意”的范例。
梅尧臣提出这一名论时，他以“鸡声茅店月，人迹板桥霜”为例，认为“道路辛苦、羁旅愁思，岂不见于言外？”梅尧巨这时“安眠向旧溪”，并没有“道路辛苦、羁旅愁思”；然而，他在梦中走过“千里”（在梦中走到京中，见到欧阳修），“五更”时醒来，看到的是屋梁“残月”，听到是满城鸡啼。这种眼前光景与梦境联系起来，就有了说不尽之意。
杜甫《梦李白》中写到梦后时说：“落月满屋梁，犹疑照颜色。”那是把要说的“意”说了出来（也还含有未尽之意）。这里“残月”二字实际上概括了杜甫那十个字。这里的“一城鸡”与茅店的鸡声不一样，因为那是催人上道，而这里却还在“安眠”之中。但“残月”虽在，而不见故人“颜色”，耳边唯有“一城鸡”声，离情别绪涌上心头。不特如此，“鸡唱”还是催人上朝的信号。《周礼·春官·鸡人》即利用鸡的“夜呼旦，以叫百官，王维诗也说：“绛帻鸡人报晓筹”。梅尧臣“不趁常参久”，在梦回闻鸡时，又会想到“汉殿传声”（《春渚纪闻》语）。所以，这一句不仅写出在“安眠向旧溪”时的梦醒情景，而且寄托着去国（离开京城）、思友之深“意”。
第五句的“往”，指梦中的魂“往”到京城与欧相见，是承“千里梦”而来的。“言犹在”是梦后记忆。杜甫的梦李白，写梦李白来；此诗则写诗人“往”；杜甫对梦中情景描写较多；而此则仅以“言犹在”三字概括过。这是因为两诗所要表现的重点不同，详略自异。梦中“言犹在耳”，顷刻间却只剩下“残月”、鸡声，这使诗人想到“人生如梦”，因之而觉得得失“可齐”之“理”。这就是第六句“浮生理可齐”的含意。关于“人生如梦”，有人斥为消极，但这只是一方面；从身在官场者说，看轻富贵功名之得失，才能保持廉节、操守，因而还是未可厚非的。
最后两句，由梦中与欧阳修相会，想到了现实中的交往。诗用竹林七贤中山涛、王戎来比欧阳修，因为欧阳修当时已擢官翰林学士，因此梅尧臣希望他虽然已处高位，但不要忘记当年朋友之间的交往。诗以听竹禽啼鸣为往日萧散自在、相互脱略形骸的生活的代表，以问句出之，正是深切希望欧阳修莫改初衷，与诗人保持友情，珍惜过去。方回认为末联是说欧阳修已登显贵，要忙于朝政，已经无法享受高眠之适，也是一种合理的解释。
山涛保荐嵇康，而嵇康却写了《与山巨源绝交书》；梅尧臣却希望欧阳修保荐自己，有人认为这样太庸俗了，是贬低了梅尧臣。其实，当时的时代、事情不同，不能一概而论。梅尧臣原本不是山林隐士，而宋朝制度，官吏考绩又要看保荐者多少。而且，梅尧臣在诗中先说“不趁常参久”，再说到“梦后”的满城鸡声；又说到他对官场得失并不十分介意，然后再微示求助之意，正是老老实实说话。既不是遗世脱俗，也不是汲汲富贵，这样反而表现出梅尧臣的品格。另外，写此诗的那一年八月，梅尧臣返回京城；第二年（1056年，即嘉祐元年）便由欧阳修与赵概的联名奏荐，而得官国子监直讲。
论人必须顾及“全人”，讲诗也必须顾及全诗。如果寻章摘句，再加抑扬，反而会失去真实。
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梅尧臣简介
唐代·梅尧臣的简介
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梅尧臣（1002～1060）字圣俞，世称宛陵先生，北宋著名现实主义诗人。汉族，宣州宣城（今属安徽）人。宣城古称宛陵，世称宛陵先生。初试不第，以荫补河南主簿。50岁后，于皇祐三年（1051）始得宋仁宗召试，赐同进士出身，为太常博士。以欧阳修荐，为国子监直讲，累迁尚书都官员外郎，故世称“梅直讲”、“梅都官”。曾参与编撰《新唐书》，并为《孙子兵法》作注，所注为孙子十家著（或十一家著）之一。有《宛陵先生集》60卷，有《四部丛刊》影明刊本等。词存二首。
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昔陪张外史，蹑云上崔嵬。前登风篁岭，酌泉苍藓堆。
后度麦冈重，荒坟际蒿莱。陵谷嗟变迁，览兹良悲哉。
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六月二日客途逢亡内期日二首 其二
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明代：
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黄省曾
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去年愁里客京华，今日逢期不在家。桂醴兰肴□里奠，遥悬泪眼洒天涯。
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自题墨竹图
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：
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金鉴才
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淇园谁植露中枝，影落沧波有所思。江上纶竿高士钓，庭前竹马小儿骑。
到阶暮色重重积，穿户斜光寂寂移。莫道已临天尺五，潇湘风雨不胜悲。