赠张徐州谡
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南北朝]：范云
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田家樵采去，薄暮方来归。
还闻稚子说，有客款柴扉。
傧从皆珠玳，裘马悉轻肥。
轩盖照墟落，传瑞生光辉。
疑是徐方牧，既是复疑非。
思旧昔言有，此道今已微。
物情弃疵贱，何独顾衡闱？
恨不具鸡黍，得与故人挥。
怀情徒草草，泪下空霏霏。
寄书云间雁，为我西北飞。
赠张徐州谡译文及注释
译文
清晨我进山去采樵，黄昏时我挑柴薪回到家。
放下担听小儿子详细述说：今天有客人叩我家门。
随从人佩珠玑还有玳瑁，穿轻裘乘肥马奔驰如云。
华车盖极辉煌照亮村落，捧符节执瑞信光耀行人。
我猜想来客是徐州太守，先肯定后怀疑没有这种可能。
拜访老朋友固然是传统风气，此美德今天已荡然无存。
目前的世情是爱富嫌贫，为什么车骑来对我访问？
恨未能烹肥鸡蒸熟小米，茅屋中与故人畅叙衷情。
满胸怀聚深情忧思不已，洒泪珠密如雨沾湿衣襟。
把书信交与那云间鸿雁，请为我向西北迅速飞行。
注释
张徐州稷（jì）：指徐州刺史张稷，系范云旧友。稷，一作“谡”。
田家：作者自称。樵采：打柴。此时作者落职，故云。
还闻：回来听说。
款：叩。柴扉：柴门。
傧（bīn）从：随从。珠玳（dài）：据《史记》载，赵平原君派使者去楚国，为了炫耀，使者皆“为玳瑁簪，刀剑并以珠饰之”。
裘马悉轻肥：此句典出《论语》：“（公西）赤之适齐也，乘肥马，衣轻裘。”悉：尽。轻肥：指裘轻马肥。
轩盖：车上的伞盖。墟落：村落。
传瑞：符信，官员身份的牌照。
徐方牧：徐州刺史，即张稷。
思旧：顾念旧情。
微：稀少。
物情：世情。疵（cī）贱：卑贱。
衡闱（wéi）：衡门，即上文之柴扉。
具鸡黍（shǔ）：杀鸡作黍。据《后汉书》：山阳范式与汝南张劭为友，春别京师时，范约定九月十五日到张家看望，到了这一天张在家杀鸡作黍，范果然不远千里来到，范张鸡黍遂传为美谈。这里巧用此典，姓氏正好相同，恰到好处。
挥：挥酒，饮酒。
草草：忧愁的样子。一作“慅慅”。
霏（fēi）霏：泪流的样子。
西北飞：北徐州在京城西北方，故言。
参考资料：
1、曹道衡．魏晋南北朝诗选评：三秦出版社，2004年：250页
2、王友怀 魏全瑞．昭明文选注析：三秦出版社，2000年：291-293页
3、廖晨星．古诗：崇文书局，2007年：214-215页
赠张徐州谡创作背景
范云于南朝齐东昏侯永元元年（499年）任广州刺史，因事下狱，后免官闲居于京郊。张稷于永元二年（500年）七月出任北徐州刺史，临行前，身为徐州刺史的张稷不弃旧友，登门拜望范云，虽未遏面，但令范云非常感激，故写此诗酬赠。
参考资料：
1、曹道衡．魏晋南北朝诗选评：三秦出版社，2004年：250页
2、王友怀 魏全瑞．昭明文选注析：三秦出版社，2000年：291-293页
赠张徐州谡鉴赏
前八句写张稷来访。这两句所写未必都是实情，作者这样写是表示落职之后地位的卑下、生活的艰辛，以反衬张徐州来访情谊的珍贵。下面转述孩子的告语。“有客款柴扉”，这客就是张稷。孩子的话是说客人的排场，但不直指客人，而是先讲客人的随从穿戴、乘骑是如何豪华，后讲客人的车盖、符信如何辉煌、炫目，那么客人如何就不言而喻了。“轩盖照墟落”，还有惊动村民的意思，“传瑞生光辉”，也见出村民的羡叹。孩子这样说，符合作者的观感，逼肖其口吻；作者这样写，也避免了面谀，用笔显得委婉。这样铺写朋友车骑盛况，更见得此访非同寻常。
中间八句写闻朋友来访的心情。作者一听说就怀疑是张徐州，转而又觉得好像不是。怀疑是，见出对张稷的信赖，朝中往日友朋当非仅此一人，而在作者看来他是最可相信的。怀疑非，乃炎凉世态造成，下面写到：作者说：这种情谊以前听说有，现在差不多看不到了。古语说：“一贵一贱，交情乃见。”朋友间因地位变化而冷淡的太多了，因此作者怀疑身为徐州刺史的朋友会来看望他。作者说：世态皆是这样，而张稷为何还要来看望我这丢官的人呢？上面展示的这些矛盾心情，说明作者受世态刺激太深了，作者越怀疑越说明世风的浇薄；同时作者这样写，实际上也是有意对照两种交态，以赞扬朋友的高谊。作者这样“是耶非耶”地用笔，实在高妙。引用范张鸡黍典故。下一句是省略句，“挥”的对象为酒，用陶渊明《还旧居》“一觞聊可挥”。这两句说：遗憾的是未能杀鸡作黍、与朋友把酒欢会。朋友来访他未遇到，感到十分遗憾。这里用典很巧，姓氏正同。把自己与张稷的交谊比作范式、张劭，这是对朋友的赞美，对二人间情意的自重、自珍。
最后四句写对朋友的思念，落实到题目上的“赠”字。这两句说自己对友人非常想念，但又不能相见，故曰“徒”、“空”。徐州在京都的西北方向。这两句说：请天上的大雁为我捎封信给张徐州吧。托雁传书，嘱飞西北，见出情意的殷切，从这两句告语中，分明见有翘首西北的诗人在。这里“寄书”的书，其实就是这首诗。
这是一首赠诗。赠诗一般的写法是正面表达自己的情意，表达对对方的祝愿等意思。而这首诗的写法主要写对方的来访，通过对方不寻常的来访见出深情厚谊，然后以对深情厚谊的感激还报对方，可以说这是以其人之情还报其人。这首诗多叙事，情事写得很具体、生动，告诉友人来访时何以未遇、稚子如何转告、听到这情况时自己的心情，像是絮话一般。这又是书信的写法了，可以说是以诗代书。这两种写法在作者的时代还是少见的，很是新鲜别致。
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陈子升《
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秦淮曲》
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陆游《
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浪淘沙·丹阳浮玉亭席上作》
范云简介
唐代·范云的简介
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范云（451～503年），字彦龙，南乡舞阴（今河南泌阳县西北）人，南朝文学家。范缜从弟，子范孝才。
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宋代：
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刘宰
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