晏子答梁丘据
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两汉]：佚名
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梁丘据死，景公召晏子而告之曰：“据忠且爱我。我欲丰厚其葬，高大其垄。”晏子曰：“敢问据之忠且爱于君者，可得闻乎？”公曰：“吾有喜于玩好，有司未能我具也，则据以其所有共我，是以知其忠也。每有风雨，暮夜求，必存吾，是以知其爱也。”晏子曰：“婴对，则为罪；不对，则无以事君，敢不对乎！婴闻之，臣专其君，谓之不忠；子专其父，谓之不孝。事君之道，导亲于父兄，有礼于群臣，有惠于百姓，有信于诸侯，谓之忠。为子之道，以钟爱其兄弟，旅行于诸父，慈惠于众子，诚信于朋友，谓之孝。今四封之民，皆君之臣也，而维据尽力以爱君，何爱者之少邪？四封之货，皆君之有也，而维据也以其私财忠于君，何忠之寡邪？据之防塞群臣，拥蔽君，无乃甚乎？”公曰：善哉！微子，寡人不知据之至于是也。”遂罢为垄之役，废厚葬之令，令有司据法而责，群臣过而谏。故官无废法，臣无隐忠，而百姓大说。
梁丘据谓晏子曰：“吾至死不及夫子矣。”晏子曰：“婴闻之：为者常成，行者常至。婴非有异与人也，常为而不置，常行而不休者。故难及也？”
晏子答梁丘据译文及注释
译文
梁丘据死了，齐景公召见晏子并告诉他说：“梁丘据对我既忠又热爱，我打算让他的丧事办得丰裕些，让他的坟墓建得高大些。”晏子说：“请问梁丘据对您的忠诚和热爱的表现，能说给我听听吗？”齐景公说：“我喜好的玩物，主管的官员没能够为我备办好，而梁丘据把他自己拥有的玩物供我享用，因此知道他忠诚。每每刮风下雨，夜间找他，他一定问候好，因此我知道他热爱我。”晏子说：“我应对（您的话），就会获罪；不应对，就没有用来事奉君王您的，怎敢不应对呢！我听到过这样的说法，臣子（的心思）专门用在他的君王身上，叫做不忠；儿子（的心思）专门用在他的父亲身上，叫做不孝。事奉君王的原则是，劝导君王亲近父兄，对群臣以礼相待，对百姓施加恩惠，对诸侯讲信用，这叫做忠。做儿子的原则是，要钟爱他的兄弟，（把这种爱心）施加到他的父辈身上，对子侄们慈爱仁惠，对朋友诚实守信，这叫做孝。如今四境以内的人民，都是君王您的臣子，可是只有梁丘据竭尽全力爱护您，为什么爱您的人这样少呢？四境以内的财富，都是您所拥有的，却只有梁丘据用他的私财对您尽忠，为什么尽忠的人这样少呢？梁丘据阻塞群臣，蒙蔽君王，恐怕太厉害了吧？”齐景公说：“好啊！没有你，我不知道梁丘据达到这样的地步了。”于是停止了候选高大坟墓的劳役，废除了厚葬的命令，让主管的官员住所法制各负其责，让君臣指出君王的过失进行谏诤。因此官员没有无法运用的法律，臣子没有难以表达的忠诚，而百姓非常高兴。
梁丘据对晏子说：“我到死（恐怕）也赶不上先生您啊！”晏子说：“我听说，努力去做的人常常可以成功，不倦前行的人常常可以达到目的地。我并没有比别人特殊的才能，只是经常做个不停，做个不休息罢了您怎么会赶不上（我）呢？”
注释
夫子：对晏子的尊称。
垄：坟墓。
具：备办。
蔽：蒙蔽。
及：比得上。
置：放弃。
而已：罢了。
至：到
为：只是
休：停
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佚名《
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少年治县》
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沈括《
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