峨眉山月歌
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唐代]:李白
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峨眉山月歌译文及注释
译文
高峻的峨眉山前,悬挂着半轮秋月。流动的平羌江上,倒映着月影。
夜间乘船出发,离开清溪直奔三峡。想你却难相见,恋恋不舍去向渝州。
注释
峨眉山:在今四川峨眉县西南。
半轮秋:半圆的秋月,即上弦月或下弦月。
影:月光的影子。平羌:即青衣江,在峨眉山东北。源出四川芦山,流经乐山汇入岷江。
夜:今夜。发:出发。清溪:指清溪驿,属四川犍为,在峨眉山附近。三峡:指长江瞿塘峡、巫峡、西陵峡,今在四川、湖北两省的交界处。一说指四川乐山的犁头、背峨、平羌三峡,清溪在黎头峡的上游。
君:指峨眉山月。一说指作者的友人。下:顺流而下。渝州:治所在巴县,今重庆一带。
参考资料:
1、熊礼汇.李白诗.北京:人民文学出版社,2005:8-9
2、詹福瑞 等.李白诗全译.石家庄:河北人民出版社,1997:307-308
峨眉山月歌创作背景
这首诗出自《李太白全集》卷八,是李白年轻时的作品。峨眉山是蜀中大山,也是蜀地的代称。李白是蜀人,因此峨眉山月也就是故园之月。此诗是李白初离蜀地时的作品,大约作于开元十三年(725年)以前。
参考资料:
1、周啸天 等.唐诗鉴赏辞典.上海:上海辞书出版社,1983:275-277
2、裴 斐.李白诗歌赏析集.成都:巴蜀书社,1988:11-12
峨眉山月歌鉴赏
此诗是作者李白于开元十三年(725)出蜀途中所作。这首诗意境明朗,语言浅近,音韵流畅。全诗意境清朗优美,风致自然天成,为李白脍炙人口的名篇之一。
诗从“峨眉山月”写起,点出了远游的时令是在秋天。“秋”字因入韵关系倒置句末。秋高气爽,月色特明(“秋月扬明辉”)。以“秋”字又形容月色之美,信手拈来,自然入妙。月只“半轮”,使人联想到青山吐月的优美意境。在峨眉山的东北有平羌江,即今青衣江,源出于四川芦山县,流至乐山县入岷江。次句“影”指月影,“入”和“流”两个动词构成连动式谓语,意言月影映入江水,又随江水流去。生活经验告诉我们,定位观水中月影,任凭江水怎样流,月影却是不动的。“月亮走,我也走”,只有观者顺流而下,才会看到“影入江水流”的妙景。所以此句不仅写出了月映清江的美景,同时暗点秋夜行船之事。意境可谓空灵入妙。
次句境中有人,第三句中人已露面:他正连夜从清溪驿出发进入岷江,向三峡驶去。“仗剑去国,辞亲远游”的青年,乍离乡土,对故国故人不免恋恋不舍。江行见月,如见故人。然明月毕竟不是故人,于是只能“仰头看明月,寄情千里光”了。末句“思君不见下渝州”依依惜别的无限情思,可谓语短情长。
诗中连用了五个地名,构思精巧,不着痕迹,诗人依次经过的地点是:峨眉山──平羌江──清溪──三峡──渝州,诗境就这样渐次为读者展开了一幅千里蜀江行旅图。除“峨眉山月”以外,诗中几乎没有更具体的景物描写;除“思君”二字,也没有更多的抒情。然而“峨眉山月”这一集中的艺术形象贯串整个诗境,成为诗情的触媒。由它引发的意蕴相当丰富:山月与人万里相随,夜夜可见,使“思君不见”的感慨愈加深沉。明月可亲而不可近,可望而不可接,更是思友之情的象征。凡咏月处,皆抒发江行思友之情,令人陶醉。连用五个地名,精巧地点出行程,既有“仗剑去国,辞亲远游”的豪迈,也有思乡的情怀,语言流转自然,恰似“清水出芙蓉,天然去雕饰”。
本来,短小的绝句在表现时空变化上颇受限制,因此一般写法是不同时超越时空,而此诗所表现的时间与空间跨度真到了驰骋自由的境地。二十八字中地名凡五见,共十二字,这在万首唐人绝句中是仅见的。它“四句入地名者五,古今目为绝唱,殊不厌重”(王麟洲语),其原因在于:诗境中无处不渗透着诗人江行体验和思友之情,无处不贯串着山月这一具有象征意义的艺术形象,这就把广阔的空间和较长的时间统一起来。其次,地名的处理也富于变化。“峨眉山月”、“平羌江水”是地名副加于景物,是虚用;“发清溪”、“向三峡”、“下渝州”则是实用,而在句中位置亦有不同。读起来也就觉不着痕迹,妙入化工。
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杜甫《
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茅屋为秋风所破歌》
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陶渊明《
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桃花源记》
李白简介
唐代·李白的简介
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李白(701年-762年),字太白,号青莲居士,唐朝浪漫主义诗人,被后人誉为“诗仙”。祖籍陇西成纪(待考),出生于西域碎叶城,4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇,有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝,享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂,四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。
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