两小儿辩日
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先秦]：列御寇
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孔子东游，见两小儿辩日，问其故。(辩日一作：辩斗)
一儿曰：“我以日始出时去人近，而日中时远也。”
一儿以日初出远，而日中时近也。
一儿曰：“日初出大如车盖，及日中则如盘盂，此不为远者小而近者大乎？”
一儿曰：“日初出沧沧凉凉，及其日中如探汤，此不为近者热而远者凉乎？”
孔子不能决也。
两小儿笑曰：“孰为汝多知乎？”
两小儿辩日译文及注释
译文
孔子向东游历，见到两个小孩在争辩，就问他们在争辩的原因。
一个小孩子说：“我认为太阳刚刚升起的时候距离人近，而正午的时候距离人远。”
另一个小孩子认为太阳刚刚升起的时候距离人比较远，而正午的时候距离人比较近。
一个小孩儿说：“太阳刚出时像车的车盖一样大，到了中午时就如同盘子一般小了，这不是远小近大的道理吗？”
另一个小孩儿说：“太阳刚出来时凉爽，到了中午的时候热得如同把手伸进热水中，这不是近的就感觉热，而远就觉得凉的道理吗？”
孔子听了之后不能判断他们俩谁对谁错。
两个小孩子笑着对孔子说：“是谁说你智慧多呢？”
注释
东：东方。
游：游历、游学。
见：看见。
辩斗：辩论，争论.
辩：争。
其：代词，他们。
故：缘故，原因。
以：认为。
始：刚刚，才。
去：离；距离。
日中：正午。
初：刚刚。
车盖：古时车上的篷盖，像雨伞一样，呈圆形。
及：到。
则：就。
盘盂：盛物的器皿。圆者为盘，方者为盂。
为：是。
沧沧凉凉：形容清凉的感觉。沧沧：寒冷的意思。
探汤：把手伸向热水里。汤，热水，开水。（古时还特指沐浴时用的热水。）在文中的意思是天气很热。
决：决断，判定，判断。
孰：谁。
为：同“谓”，说，认为。
汝：你。
知：zhì，通假字。“知”通 “智”聪明、智慧。
笑：在这里不是嘲笑，在这里突出了孩子们的天真可爱
沧沧凉凉:形容清凉而略带寒意。
两小儿辩日鉴赏
《两小儿辩日》表现了古人为认识自然、探求客观事理而独立思考、大胆质疑、实事求是的精神；同时阐述了“学无止境”的道理。
事实上，现代科学已经对这种现象有了科学的解释：早上和傍晚，太阳角度低，穿透的大气层很厚，受到大气层梯度折射率影响很大，光路弯曲显著，所以人看到的太阳就大；中午太阳角度大，穿透的大气层相对较薄，受到大气层梯度折射率影响较小，光路弯曲没有早上和傍晚明显，所以人看到的太阳就觉得小了。此外，当太阳在早上的时候是从地面升起，而远处的屋子或山正和那大太阳成了一小一大的鲜明对比，而在中午周围没有任何东起跟它对比，显然就会显得小，这是我们的肉眼骗了我们。而且由于地球形状、大气层、运行规律等自然因素，简单运用生活规律或生活常识去解释是无法作出正确解释的。但作出正确解释是一个漫长的过程，需要的正是“两小儿”和孔子的这种独立思考、大胆质疑、实事求是的精神。
孔子说过：知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。孔子面对两小儿的争辩而不妄加决断，正体现了他实事求是的科学态度。而两小儿善于观察常见的生活现象，从中发现问题，引发思考；也可以从两小儿是从不同的角度观察事物、认识事物，结果自然就不一致；说明他们平时注意观察生活，感悟生活，具有多元化思维；同时他们也具有独立思考、大胆质疑的科学精神。本文同样深刻阐述了“学无止境”这一道理。
“笑”在原文中显然有“讥笑”之意。至于该不该“笑”，也可以从多方面看。若从作者为道家，孔子为儒家来看，显然要“笑”孔子；但若从孔子的态度来看，又不该“笑”了，因为孔子实事求是，“知之为知之，不知为不知”，并没有“强不知以为知”，为什么要“笑”他呢？“孔子不能决”告诉人们，做人就应该实事求是，不能不懂装懂；“孔子不能决”还告诉我们，孔子那样的大学问家，尚且有不能解决的问题，由此看来，知识是无穷尽的，什么人都应该不间断的学习，不放弃探求。
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周密《
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观潮》
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吴均《
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与朱元思书》
列御寇简介
唐代·列御寇的简介
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列御寇，名寇，又名御寇（又称“圄寇”“国寇”），相传是战国前期的道家人，郑国人，与郑缪公同时。其学本于黄帝老子，主张清静无为。后汉班固《艺文志》“道家”部分有《列子》八卷，早已散失。
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