鲁东门观刈蒲
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唐代]：李白
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鲁国寒事早，初霜刈渚蒲。
挥镰若转月，拂水生连珠。
此草最可珍，何必贵龙须，
织作玉床席，欣承清夜娱。
罗衣能再拂，不畏素尘芜。
鲁东门观刈蒲译文及注释
译文
鲁国的秋天来得早，初霜时便开始割蒲。
挥镰就好象转动弯月，掠过水面生起串串连珠。
蒲草最可珍贵，何必看重那龙须草？
织成草席铺上玉床，清静的夜晚躺在上面多么欢娱。
罗衣能够再次拂扫，不必担心会蹲上尘土。
注释
鲁东：指曲阜城东。《埤雅》：“蒲，水草也，似莞而褊，有脊，生于水涯，柔滑而温，可以为席。”
寒事：指秋冬的物候，寒冷时节。陆倕《以诗代书别后寄赠》：“江关寒事早，夜露伤秋草。”
刈渚蒲：割水边的香蒲草。刈：割取。渚：水中小洲。蒲：香蒲，水生草本植物，嫩芽可供食用。其叶供编织，可作席、扇、篓等用具。梁简文帝诗：“渚蒲变新节。”
镰（lián）：古谓之刈钩。因形曲如钩，故名。《方言》：“刈钩，自关而西或谓之钩，或谓之镰。”颜师古《急就篇注》：“钩，即镰也，形曲如钩，因以名云。”
转月：因镰刀弯如新月，故挥动镰刀如“转月”。
连珠：溅起的水滴像连串的珍珠，喻浪沫。王褒《洞箫赋》：“扬素波而挥连珠。”
龙须：龙须草，多年生水生草本，茎可织席等，多为帝王豪贵之家所用。《蜀本草》：“龙刍，丛生，茎如綖，所在有之，俗名龙须草，可为席。”
欣承清夜娱：是说夜间睡在蒲席之上感到清凉适意。
罗衣：轻而薄的丝绸衣服。
能再拂：可以反复拂拭。言蒲席光滑平贴。谢朓《咏席》诗：“但愿罗衣拂，无使素尘弥。”
素尘：聚积的灰尘。
芜（wú）：杂乱。谢脁《咏席诗》：“但愿罗衣拂，无使素尘弥。”
参考资料：
1、单人耘选注．中国历代咏农诗选：中国农业出版社，2002年05月第1版：58
2、王步高．历代田园诗词选：江苏文艺出版社，1991年01月第1版：53
3、詹福瑞 等．李白诗全译．石家庄：河北人民出版社，1997：920
鲁东门观刈蒲创作背景
此诗作于天宝王载（746），当时李白在山东游历。李白流落江湖，为了生计不得不四处奔波，勉强维持生活。李白以孤臣孽子之身心，亲历大唐由盛至衰的转变时期，所以李白的忧愤情愫极为深切，时常有抨击时政的诗作。
参考资料：
1、詹福瑞 等．李白诗全译．石家庄：河北人民出版社，1997：920
2、安旗著．李白诗秘要：三秦出版社，2001年06月第1版：前言6-7
鲁东门观刈蒲鉴赏
“鲁国寒事早，初霜刈渚蒲”用铺叙手法描绘出一幅秋寒已至、初霜割蒲的农人劳作景致，“寒事”、“初霜”点明主旨，秋寒的物候时节，交代“刈渚蒲”事件的起因及背景，字里间处处充溢着高寒、肃杀之氛围。
“挥镰若转月，拂水生连珠”运用比喻手法，贴切自然，把“挥镰”、“拂水”渲染成“转月”、“连珠”，间接描写出鲁东门外深秋割蒲草的“挥镰”“拂水”劳动场面，意在歌颂农民的辛勤劳动变废为宝，创造了财富。为下文称赞“蒲草”作铺垫。
“此草最可珍，何必贵龙须”生动形象地以夸张手法，赞美蒲草比帝王豪贵之家所用的“龙须”更可贵，表达出诗人对蒲草的可贵有独特的见解。
“织作玉床席，欣承清夜娱”承接上文，讲述诗人对蒲草“最可珍”的作用，勾勒出一幅蒲草织作玉床席、清静夜晚躺欢娱的景致，侧面烘托出农人刈蒲以作编织之用，点明题旨，紧扣诗题“鲁东门观刈蒲”，陈述了诗人见农人刈蒲的纪实。
“罗衣能再拂，不畏素尘芜”借用谢脁《咏席》诗：“但愿罗衣拂，无使素尘弥。”讲述出所咏之蒲草的品性，“不畏”、“素尘”更显得蒲草高洁纯净、“最可珍”。
这首诗生动形象地描写了鲁东门外农家深秋割蒲的劳动场景，并以夸张手法，赞美了蒲草的可贵与作用。在诗人笔下，蒲草经过农户的辛勤劳动变废为宝，妙笔生花，富有浪漫色彩。刈蒲时“挥镰”、“拂水”的比喻，透露着诗人对农事劳作的喜爱，是丽句；“此草最可珍，何必贵龙须。”则是警策之句，似有评击上层贵族奢华放纵、穷奢极侈，表达出诗人对国家安危的忧虑和对民生疾苦的关怀。
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柳永《
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鬻海歌》
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杨万里《
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悯农》
李白简介
唐代·李白的简介
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李白（701年－762年），字太白，号青莲居士，唐朝浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。祖籍陇西成纪(待考)，出生于西域碎叶城，4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇，有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝，享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂，四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。
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