鹦鹉曲·农夫渴雨
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元代]：冯子振
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年年牛背扶犁住，近日最懊恼杀农父。稻苗肥恰待抽花，渴煞青天雷雨。
〔幺〕恨残霞不近人情，截断玉虹南去。望人间三尺甘霖，看一片闲云起处。
鹦鹉曲·农夫渴雨译文及注释
译文
年复一年在牛背后耕作扶犁，近日里可使农夫懊恼之极。稻苗肥壮正等着杨花吐穗，苗都要枯死了，却是响晴的天不下一丝雨。
可恨苍天不顾人们渴雨的急切心情，让残霞把要下雨的白虹冲断，云朵向南飘去。农夫们注视着那片白云，盼望能在人间降下三尺好雨。
注释
扶犁住：把犁为生。住，过活，过日子。此句是说年年都是在牛背后扶着梨杖，泛指干农活。
最：正。懊（ào）恼杀：心里十分烦恼。
恰待：正要，刚要。抽花：抽穗。
渴煞：十分渴望。
残霞：即晚霞。预示后几天为晴天。
玉虹：彩虹。虹为雨后天象。
三尺甘霖：指大雨。甘霖：好雨。
参考资料：
1、《元曲鉴赏辞典》.上海辞书出版社，1990年7月版，第427-428页
鹦鹉曲·农夫渴雨鉴赏
这支小令写农夫渴雨，用农民的口吻来写，极为质朴自然，富有生活气息。“年年牛背扶犁住”，是说农夫们终生从事农业，以此为生。但是正当农作物抽穗扬花最需要雨水之时，天公却不作美，久旱不雨。他们盼望雨水救活庄稼。但天象却呈无雨的征兆，使人着急。作者心情与农夫一样，遥望长天，希望有一片闲云或许会降下甘露。这是他内心真诚的祈求，表现出他关心人民疾苦与农民同喜忧的精神。
此曲由农夫眼中看出，口中说出，这种设身处地，直接反映农家生活与农民的思想情绪的作品，在整个元人散曲中诚属不多，难能可贵。因诗人体察农夫生活的艰辛，理解他们的心愿，才能对他们有如此真诚的同情。[3]
“年年牛背扶犁住”即“年年牛背扶住犁”，因押韵和平仄的需要改动了语序，却因此使全句显得圆融老到。这一句通过跟随牛后把犁的画面，洗练而生动地塑造了田间耕作的“农夫”形象。更重要的是以“年年”为下句的“近日”作出铺垫，农夫年复一年辛劳耕田，种种苦恼都安然忍受下来，而近日却“最懊恼杀”，可见非同小可。三、四句写出了其中的原因，是因为稻子恰待抽穗扬花，偏偏却逢上天旱，以至于农夫“渴煞青天雷雨”。短短四句，就已缴足了题目的含意，勾起了读者的关心与同情。
然而上半段只能说是交代了一个大的背景，“农夫渴雨”究竟渴望到怎样的程度？〔幺篇〕便就此进行了点染和生发。作者选取了农夫仰望天空的镜头。此时夕阳已下，残霞满天，俗谚谓“朝霞不出门，晚霞行千里”，显然毫无下雨的迹象，大违农夫的心意。全句以一个“恨”字领起，显示了农夫的失望。这“残霞”还在飘散变化，然而不久就渐渐消隐于南天。作者不直言它的消失，而用了“截断玉虹南去”的曲折表述，暗示农夫一直在残霞中寻觅着“玉虹”的踪影，也就是说，在期盼着出现降雨的征兆，然而残霞“截断”了这种可能。“截断”二字，带有毫不通融的决绝意味，呼应了前句的“不近人情”。这两句虽是贯联一气，实却包含了农夫目睹残霞从出现到消失的漫长过程。作品至此并不结止，又继续生发出余波，这就是最末两句。“望人间三尺甘霖”，望是盼望、想望，“三尺甘霖”自然是子虚乌有。然而“三尺”又说得如此具体，可见这是浮现在农夫脑海中的幻影，说明他还在痴痴盼想。皇天不负苦心人，果然天空凝起一团云朵！“看一片闲云起处”，云是闲云，起是初生，这云是否有所作为、能不能化为“甘霖”，作者皆无交代，只留下渴雨农夫“看”的剪影，也为读者留下了悠长而深重的余味。
这支小曲纯用白描，层层生波，细腻地表现了农家甘苦的一个侧面。下片〔幺篇〕中连用“残霞”、“玉虹”、“甘霖”、“闲云”四种表示天象的词语，却有实有虚，令人玩味无穷。冯子振的《鹦鹉曲》，是在京城听歌女演唱白贲的《黑漆弩（即鹦鹉曲）·渔父》后，因友人提起此曲曲牌格律严格难循，而有意和作的，他运用各种题材，前后步原韵共作了四十一首。在声律与韵脚的限制中信步游行，可见作者不凡的才情。
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刘禹锡《
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插田歌》
冯子振简介
唐代·冯子振的简介
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冯子振，元代散曲名家，1253-1348，字海粟，自号瀛洲洲客、怪怪道人，湖南攸县人。自幼勤奋好学。元大德二年(1298)登进士及第，时年47岁，人谓“大器晚成”。朝廷重其才学，先召为集贤院学士、待制，继任承事郎，连任保宁（今四川境内）、彰德（今河南安阳）节度使。晚年归乡著述。世称其“博洽经史，于书无所不记”，且文思敏捷。下笔不能自休。一生著述颇丰，传世有《居庸赋》、《十八公赋》、《华清古乐府》、《海粟诗集》等书文，以散曲最著。
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