少年游·垂杨门外
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清代]：王国维
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垂杨门外，疏灯影里，上马帽檐斜。紫陌霜浓，青松月冷，炬火散林鸦。
酒醒起看西窗上，翠竹影交加。跌宕歌词，纵横书卷，不与遣年华。
少年游·垂杨门外译文及注释
译文
垂杨小院，酒罢阑灯送客，扶醉上马，帽檐不正。郊外的路上一片霜气凝结，青松在两边相对，一轮明月当空。深夜中举火把行进，不时惊起林中栖息的乌鸦。
酒醒后，看见西窗上，灯光影印着窗外交错的竹影。提笔能写出才气横溢的歌词，胸中藏有无数的书卷。这样的才气，这样的气度正是一个文人追求的生活。
注释
少年游：词牌名，又名“小阑干”“玉腊梅枝”等。《少年游·垂杨门外》为该词牌变体，双调五十一字，前段五句三平韵，后段五句两平韵。
垂杨：垂柳。
帽檐斜：用“侧帽”事，引《周书·独孤信传》。
紫陌：京师郊野的道路。
炬火：火把。
交加：错杂。
跌宕：放荡不拘。
纵横：指书籍摆放杂乱交错。
不与：不为我。遣年华：打发岁月。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹．王国维词新释辑评：中国书店出版社，2006：79
少年游·垂杨门外创作背景
1905年的一天晚上，王国维与江苏师范学堂同伴数人，酒后途经沧浪亭，恰遇有人骑马擎着火炬迎面而来。那时，亭边林木繁茂，林间宿鸟被告火光惊得乱飞。一位同伴脱口吟杜甫“炬火散林鸦”诗句，王国维闻之大喜，沿途默想新词，连夜填成了这首《少年游》。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹．王国维词新释辑评：中国书店出版社，2006：79
少年游·垂杨门外鉴赏
少年是人生最浪漫的时期，即使像王国维这样严肃的学者也不例外。垂杨小院，对酒当歌，美人流盼，目成心许。
酒罢歌阑疏灯送客，垂杨门外扶醉上马。帽檐不正，似乎是有此醉态，但实际这用了一个典故。南北朝时北周大司马独孤信是个美男子，一次日暮打猎归来，帽子不正，第二天城里就有许多人故意斜戴帽子来模仿他。而王国维这里这个“上马帽檐斜”，倘结合下片的“酒醒”来看，他不但写才子风度，也写才子醉态。
“紫陌”即刘禹锡所谓“紫陌红尘拂面来”。那本应是繁花盛开非常热闹的地方，但现在却是秋日的“霜浓”。这首词上片前三句写的是少年的风流和浪漫，后三句写归途景色的寂静和凄冷，“紫陌霜浓”正好起了一个承上启下的作用。“青松月冷”，再次强调时间已是夜里。“青”是冷色，月是冷光，青松沐浴在月光之下，且是在秋夜之中，就使人产生一种寒冷的感觉。王国维喜欢写这种酒散之后归途的寒冷之感。“炬火散林鸦”套用杜甫的诗句，表面上写刹那间的动，其实却反衬出整个归途的静。这三句写归侨夜景，写得声、光、色兼备，而且静中有动，景中有情，这是它的好处。
下片写的是回到住处睡醒一觉之后那种特别清醒的感觉。“酒醒起看西窗上，翠竹影交加”其实是写月光，因为月光明亮才会把竹影映到窗上。正是这样境界中，就使得这个风流潇洒而又暗怀寂寞孤独的少年产生了对现状的不满足。“跌宕歌辞”和“纵横书卷”是内容放纵、音调美妙的歌词作品，是书案上堆积的书卷，同时也就是胸中的书卷。提笔就写出才气横溢的歌词，胸中藏有无数的书卷，这样的天赋才气和这样潇洒度日正是一个文人最理想的生活。
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刘禹锡《
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金陵五题·并序》
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王维《
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王国维简介
唐代·王国维的简介
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王国维（1877年—1927年），字伯隅、静安，号观堂、永观，汉族，浙江海宁盐官镇人。清末秀才。我国近现代在文学、美学、史学、哲学、古文字学、考古学等各方面成就卓著的学术巨子，国学大师。
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