幽居
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唐代]：韦应物
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贵贱虽异等，出门皆有营。
独无外物牵，遂此幽居情。
微雨夜来过，不知春草生。
青山忽已曙，鸟雀绕舍鸣。
时与道人偶，或随樵者行。
自当安蹇劣，谁谓薄世荣。
幽居译文及注释
译文
世人贵贱虽然可分为几等，而出门在外都是有所奔营。
我单单没有那些外物牵累，故而可以遂我闲居的心情。
无声的细雨曾在夜间来过，不知不觉中春草已经萌生。
青山一下子就迎来了曙色，小鸟雀儿盘绕着房舍啼鸣。
我有时会和道人邂逅作伴，有时也随着樵夫边唠边行。
我安分守己因为愚笨拙劣，谁又能说是鄙薄尘世尊荣。
注释
幽居：隐居，不出仕。
异等：不同等级。《韩非子·八经》：“礼施异等，后姬不疑。”
营：谋求。
外物：身外之物。多指利欲功名之类。
遂：称心，如愿。
曙：天刚亮的时候。
偶：相对。
自当：自然应当。蹇（jiǎn）劣：笨拙愚劣的意思。蹇：跛，行动迟缓。劣：一作“拙”。
薄世荣：鄙薄世人对富贵荣华的追求。世荣：世俗的荣华富贵。
参考资料：
1、张国举．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：402-403
幽居创作背景
诗人从十五岁到五十四岁，在官场上度过了四十年左右的时光，其中只有两次短暂的闲居。《幽居》这首诗大约作于他辞官闲居的时候。
参考资料：
1、张秉戍 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：691-693
幽居鉴赏
韦应物的山水诗“高雅闲淡，自成一家之体”（白居易《与元九书》），形式多用五古。《幽居》就是比较有名的一首。全篇描写了一个悠闲宁静的境界，反映了诗人幽居独处、知足保和的心情。在思想内容上虽没有多少积极意义，但其中有佳句为世人称道，因而历来受到人们的重视。
“贵贱虽异等，出门皆有营”，开头二句是写诗人对世路人情的看法，意思是说世人无论贵贱高低，总要为生活而出门奔走营谋，尽管身分不同，目的不一，而奔走营生都是一样的。这两句，虽平平写来，多少透露出一点感慨，透露出他对人生道路坎坷不平，人人都要为生存而到处奔走的厌倦之情，但诗人并不是要抒发这种感慨，也不是要描写人生道路的艰难，而是用世人“皆有营”作背景，反衬自己此时幽居的清闲，也就是举世辛劳而我独闲了。
所以“独无外物牵，遂此幽居情”，便是以上二句作反衬而来，表现了诗人悠然自得的心情。由于对官场现实的不满，他曾经说过：“日夕思自退，出门望故山。君心倘如此，携手相与还”（《高陵书情寄三原卢少府》），表示了归隐的愿望。如今，他能够辞官归来，实现了无事一身轻的愿望，自然是满怀欣喜。
吴乔在《围炉诗话》中说：“景物无自生，惟情所化。情哀则景哀，情乐则景乐。”韦应物此时的心情是愉快的、安闲的，因而在他笔下所描绘出的景物也自然著上轻松愉快、明丽新鲜的色彩。下边六句是以愉悦的笔调对幽居生活作具体描写。
这四句全用白描手法。“微雨”两句，是人们赞赏的佳句。这里说“微雨”，是对早春细雨的准确描绘；“夜来过”，著一“过”字，便写出了诗人的感受。显然他并没有看到这夜来的春雨，只是从感觉上得来，因而与下句的“不知”关合，写的是感觉和联想。这两句看来描写的是景而实际是写情，写诗人对夜来细微春雨的喜爱和对春草在微雨滋润下成长的欣慰。这里有一派生机盎然的春天气息，也有诗人热爱大自然的愉快情趣。比之谢灵运的“池塘生春草，园柳变鸣禽”（《登池上楼》），要更含蓄、蕴藉，更丰富新鲜，饶有生意。“青山忽已曙，鸟雀绕舍鸣”，是上文情景的延伸与烘托。这里不独景色秾鲜，也有诗人幽居的宁静和心情的喜悦。真是有声有色，清新酣畅。
这四句是诗人对自己幽居生活的一个片断的描绘，他只截取了早春清晨一个短暂时刻的山中景物和自己的感受，然后加以轻轻点染，便呈现出一幅生动的图画，同时诗人幽居的喜悦、知足保和的情趣也在这画面中透露出来。
接下去，“时与”、“或随”，说明有时与道士相邂逅，有时同樵夫相过从，这些事都不是经常的，也就是说，诗人幽居山林，很少与人交游。这样，他的清幽淡漠、平静悠闲则是可想而知了。
韦应物实现了脱离官场，幽居山林，享受可爱的清流、茂树、云物的愿望，他感到心安理得，因而“自当安蹇劣，谁谓薄世荣”。这里用了《魏志·王粲传》的典故。《王粲传》中说到徐干，引了裴松之注说：徐干“轻官忽禄，不耽世荣”。韦应物所说的与徐干有所不同，韦应物这二句的意思是：我本就是笨拙愚劣的人，过这种幽居生活自当心安理得，怎么能说我是那种鄙薄世上荣华富贵的高雅之士呢！这两句不单纯是诗人的解嘲，因为诗人并不是完全看破红尘而去归隐，他只是对官场的昏暗有所厌倦，想求得解脱，因而辞官幽居。一旦有机遇，他还是要进入仕途的。所以诗人只说自己的愚拙，不说自己的清高，把自己同真隐士区别开来。这既表示了他对幽居独处、独善其身的满足，又表示了对别人的追求并不鄙弃。
韦应物的诗受陶渊明、谢灵运、王维、孟浩然等前辈诗人的影响很大，前人说：“应物五言古体源出于陶，而化于三谢，故真而不朴，华而不绮”（《四库全书总目提要》），又说：“一寄穗秾鲜于简淡之中，渊明以来，盖一人而已”（宋濂《宋文宪公集》卷三十七）。这些评价并不十分恰当，但是可以说明韦诗的艺术价值和艺术风格的。
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刘禹锡《
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昼居池上亭独吟》
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周敦颐《
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春晚》
韦应物简介
唐代·韦应物的简介
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韦应物（737～792），中国唐代诗人。汉族，长安(今陕西西安)人。今传有10卷本《韦江州集》、两卷本《韦苏州诗集》、10卷本《韦苏州集》。散文仅存一篇。因出任过苏州刺史，世称“韦苏州”。诗风恬淡高远，以善于写景和描写隐逸生活著称。
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除夕喜儿曹皆远归
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明代：
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梁兰
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儿曹远近俱儒仕，一在筠州一阆州。两地行程非可约，片时归计似同谋。
且从除夕尝家酝，莫问新年买客舟。代际唐虞各努力，老夫白首自无忧。