送刘昱
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唐代]：李颀
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北风吹五两，谁是浔阳客。
鸬鹚山头微雨晴，扬州郭里暮潮生。
送刘昱译文及注释
译文
八月的芦苇和江边的浪花都是白色的。
北风吹着候风器，谁才是浔阳的客人呢？
雨后天晴，鸬鹚在山头停留，扬州的外城晚上生出潮水。
行路之人晚上住在金陵的小岛上，可以听到沙滩边大雁的鸣叫。
注释
刘昱（yù）：作者的友人。
苇（wěi）：芦苇。李时珍《本草纲目》：“苇之初生曰葭，未秀曰芦，长成曰苇。”
浪头：掀起的波浪。
五两：古代的候风器，用鸡毛五两（或八两）系于高竿顶上而成。
浔（xún）阳：地名，今江西省九江市的古称。
鸬鹚（lú cí）：一种鸟，也叫水老鸦、墨鸦、鱼鹰，属于鹈形目鸬鹚科。
郭：外城。
金陵：今江苏南京的古称。
渚（zhǔ）：水中的小块陆地。
参考资料：
1、王力．《古代汉语词典》：商务印书馆，2014年3月第2版
送刘昱创作背景
这首诗是唐代诗人李颀宦游江南送别朋友刘昱时所作。刘昱不知何许人，从诗中可考见的，他与李颀是朋友，但关系并不十分密切，两人当时同在镇江扬州这一带。八月间，刘昱溯江西上，准备到九江去，李颀作此诗送别。
参考资料：
1、萧涤非 等．《唐诗鉴赏辞典》：上海辞书出版社，1983：108-109
送刘昱鉴赏
这是一首送别诗。诗在有情无情之间，着笔淡永，但也并不是敷衍应酬。
诗一开头，就以景衬情，渲染了离别的气氛：“八月寒苇花，秋江浪头白。”八月秋意凉，岸边的苇花是白色的，江中的浪头也是白色的，再加上秋风瑟瑟，于是，浪花借助风力打湿苇花，苇花则随风而扑向浪花，两者似乎浑然一“白”了。这“白”，不是严冬霜雪之白，也不是三春柳絮梨花之白，而是凉秋八月之白，既不绚烂，也不凛烈，而是素净萧疏。此诗将芦花与秋江浪花联想在一起，让人感受到一片雪白的情境之中，纯洁的友情之爱白浪滔天——那种“芦花一白万顷雪”的情景之美，也就构成了雪花一样翻腾的江水了。其时，北风吹动船桅上的“五两”，似乎在催赶着离客。“浔阳客”，表明了船的去处。浔阳，在镇江的西南方，北风恰是顺风。看来，船就要趁好风而开动了。那么，“谁是浔阳客？”当然是刘昱，这一点，诗人明白，读者也明白。然而诗却故意用设问句式，使文气突起波澜，增强了韵味。八月风高，苇寒浪白，谁也不会愿意风行水宿。眼前刘昱偏偏要冒风波而远去浔阳，因而“谁是”一问，言外之意，还是希望刘昱且住为佳。诗心至此而更曲，诗味至此而更永。
可是刘昱究竟是留不住的。北风吹着五两，何况雨止潮生，又具备了扬帆启碇的条件。“鸬鹚山头微雨晴，扬州郭里暮潮生”，这两句并不是泛泛写景，而是既暗示离客之将行，又补点出启行的地点（鸬鹚山当在镇江一带，其地已不可考）。而诗由此也已从前面的入声十一陌韵而转用八庚韵，给人以清新之感，与这两句所表现的秀丽景色是十分和谐的。于是，刘昱在这风高潮涨雨霁天晴之时走了。诗人伫立凝望着远去的客船，不禁想道：今宵客船会在哪里夜泊呢？“行人夜宿金陵渚，试听沙边有雁声。”一般送客诗，往往易落入送别时依依不舍，分别后惆怅独归这一窠臼，而李颀却把丰富的想象力运用到行客身上，代行人设想。身在此，而心随友人远去。后来北宋柳永《雨霖铃》词中的“今宵酒醒何处？杨柳岸，晓风残月”，用的也是这种手法。诗人推想刘昱今夜大概可以停泊金陵江边了，那时，耳边会传来一阵阵凄凉的雁叫声。苇中有雁，这是常见的，因而诗人由镇江江边的芦苇，很容易联想到雁。但仅仅这样理解还不够。雁是合群性的禽鸟，夜宿苇中也是群栖的，群栖时一般不发声，如果发出鸣声，那一定是失群了。刘昱单身往浔阳，无异于孤雁离群，那么夜泊闻雁，一定会联想到镇江的那些朋友，甚或深悔此行。“试”字，即暗含比意。反过来，留着的人都思念刘昱，这就不必说了。末句既以“雁”字呼应芦苇，又从雁声发生联想，委婉蕴藉，毫无显豁呈露之气，别有一番情味，开后来神韵之风。
此诗虽然是一首古体诗，但在古拗中时有律句，在散漫中夹带对偶，丰富多姿。如第一段头两句都是拗句，而第三句用律句；第二段四句七言诗，除第一句是连下五个平声字的拗句外，其余三句都是格律严整的律句，与七律仄起式的第二、三、四句平仄格律全同，在声律上兼有铿锵顿挫的音乐感、柔和婉谐的美感。再如“鸬鹚山头微雨晴，扬州郭里暮潮生”两句，在前后一片散漫之中，突然插入工整的对偶句，正所谓“于局势散漫中求整饬”（《说诗晬语》），错落有致，别具一格。在声韵与情境的配合方面，第一段用节拍急促的五言诗，配以短促的入声韵，抒写临别时激烈的情怀；第二段，情境由激烈转为舒展，声韵也随之转换，变五言为七言，化急节为慢声，配上悠扬的平声韵，更显情深意切。
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王昌龄《
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送狄宗亨》
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下一首：
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张先《
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相思令·苹满溪》
李颀简介
唐代·李颀的简介
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李颀(690-751)，汉族，东川（今四川三台）人（有争议），唐代诗人。少年时曾寓居河南登封。开元十三年进士，做过新乡县尉的小官，诗以写边塞题材为主，风格豪放，慷慨悲凉，七言歌行尤具特色。
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刘基
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不学周南咏小星，空悲玉殿锁娉婷。黄金漫买相如赋，犹胜无辜送掖庭。
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鹊桥仙 七夕寄外
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清代：
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张玉珍
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纤云弄巧，玉钩低挂，又值双星良会。鹊回露冷夜何其，述不尽、离愁无寐。
人间别后，梦沉书远，隔断万重烟水。遥怜客馆对孤尊，也定忆、秋来憔悴。