野色
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宋代]：范仲淹
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非烟亦非雾，幂幂映楼台。
白鸟忽点破，残阳还照开。
肯随芳草歇，疑逐远帆来。
谁会山公意？登高醉始回。
野色译文及注释
译文
不是烟，也不是雾，它浓密地笼罩着楼台。
白鸟飞来，点破了野色的沉寂；一道斜阳低低地照着，又仿佛一把剑，把它剖开。
它怎么愿随着芳草的消歇而寂灭远去？我真怀疑，它正追随着那远远的白帆，渐渐到来。
有谁能知道山公的情趣，他天天登高远眺，沉湎野色之中，大醉方归。
注释
野色：野外的景色。
幂幂：浓密状。
歇：消歇，消失。
山公：晋山简，曾镇守襄阳，喜酒，常常出外登山游览，尽醉而归。
野色鉴赏
李白诗“芳草换野色”，杜甫诗“竹风连野色”，姚合诗“嫩苔粘野色”，这些诗句中的“野色”，都可以按郊野的景色理解。然而，范仲淹这首诗里的“野色”，却别有所指，指一种具体的东西。这东西，非烟非雾，可开可合，能歇能行，而又难以实指，不可名状，无法形容。但是，春日郊行，诗人凝神四望，触目皆是这种东西，只见它在浮动，在荡漾，在闪烁；它是空气，还是水汽，抑或是一种光的折射，单凭直觉，是很难分辨清楚的。这东西本身已不好描绘，至于喝足了酒，醉眼朦胧所见到的这东西的模样，更是难以捉摸了。这首诗的成功之处正是把这种看不清楚的东西清清楚楚地表现出来了。即梅尧臣所说的“写难状之景，如在目前”。
范仲淹描摹野色：首先，他选定了春季这个最丰富多彩的季节作为背景，然后从春天的不可捉摸的氛围中提炼出有代表性的景象来作暗点陪衬，增加了野色的存在感，表现了野色的美好。
野色既然是无所不在，但又不是实体，诗人马上把它与烟雾这些流动虚幻、不能触摸的东西联系起来，说它不是烟，也不是雾，但如同烟雾一样，浓密地映照笼罩着楼台。首句用的是否定中带有肯定的手法，野色与烟雾当然不是同样的东西，但有相近的性质，它占据了每一处视线与感觉所能到达的地方。实际上，诗把烟雾也作为野色的一部分写了进去。首联是通过同类作譬，又以楼台这一实物作参照，说明野色的存在，下面两联也都采用这一方法，继续铺写。诗说白鸟在野地里飞，把野色给点破；夕阳照着野外，把野色给剖开。野色弥漫，它不愿随着芳草的消歇而减少消失，又好像追随着远处的船帆，渐渐逼近。这两联用了一连串动词，使表面上看不见、不存在的东西，通过白鸟、残阳、芳草、远帆的动作与变化，有力地增加了野色的存在感。这种写法，就好比写风而着力刻画草木摇动、落英缤纷，写月而极力描写飘浮的云一样。末联“谁会山公意？登高醉始回”，在朦胧之中翻进一层。山公山简镇守襄阳时，经常至习家池饮酒，大醉而归。作者以山简自况，说他登山喝酒，归时醉眼模糊，见到这种野色。白居易“花非花，雾非雾”，是写老眼昏花，这里则是以醉酒眼花，来突出野色的迷离恍惚。总之，无论是物，或者是人，都是为标现野色服务的，都是“虚者实之”的实体。
烘托野色的实体，并非实打实地端出来，不是照像式的再现，而是实中有虚，因而透过朦胧野色，一幅玲珑剔透、笔墨淋漓的山水画就展现出来：天上挂着红色的夕阳，空中飞着白色的鸟儿，烟岚笼罩着楼台，芳草连接着江边，帆影露出于江中，还有自远山醉归的主人。这些景物与野色相映照，虚虚实实，藏头露尾，如同云中龙，构成一幅美丽迷人的图画。在这幅图画里，体现出作者豪爽的性格和旷达的情怀。诗的用意正是要通过野色和这美丽的画面来表现作者的乐观精神。
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赵孟頫《
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后庭花·清溪一叶舟》
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葛长庚《
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范仲淹简介
唐代·范仲淹的简介
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范仲淹（989－1052年），字希文，汉族，北宋著名的政治家、思想家、军事家、文学家，世称“范文正公”。范仲淹文学素养很高，写有著名的《岳阳楼记》。
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