过百家渡四绝句
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宋代]：杨万里
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出得城来事事幽，涉湘半济值渔舟。
也知渔父趁鱼急，翻著春衫不裹头。
园花落尽路花开，白白红红各自媒。
莫道早行奇绝处，四方八面野香来。
柳子祠前春已残，新晴特地著春寒。
疏篱不与花为护，只为蜘蛛作网竿。
一晴一雨路乾湿，半淡半浓山迭重。
远草坪中见牛背，新秧疏处有人踪。
过百家渡四绝句创作背景
百家渡在永州零陵（今属湖南）城西湘江畔，这四首诗作于南宋孝宗隆兴元年（1163）春。此年是杨万里任零陵丞的最后一年，秋天就离任回都城临安。
参考资料：
1、何满子 等．宋诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1987：1058-1059
2、章楚藩 等．杨万里诗歌赏析集．成都：巴蜀书社，1994：12-14
过百家渡四绝句鉴赏
这四首写景诗，都是抓住一个细节，抓住平凡事物中富有诗意的东西加以表现。
第一首，在湘水渡中，不写湖光山色，两岸风物，却抓住了中流的一只渔舟；又不写渔舟的种种，视线却集中在渔夫身上；却又不写渔夫的种种，单写他穿翻了衣衫，发髻不裹的自由疏散的服饰，体现了诗人对劳动者不拘礼法、衣着随便的欣赏之情。画面表现得光度集中，给人以极深刻的印象。
第二首写野径早行，提供给读者的也只有单纯的集中的印象：沿途红红白白、四方飘香的野花。诗人集中兴趣于郊野的自然景物，而景物中最耀眼的则是向行人献媚竞艳的路花。这时，他身外的一切都不在他眼里了，见到的只是白白红红之花，闻到的只是四面八方袭来的香气，他就将这刹那间的感兴形之于诗。诗句并不特别警拔，但诗人的兴会却表现得异常鲜明。
第三首写途经柳宗元祠堂。柳宗元曾被贬为永州司马，如果换一个居官永州的诗人，路过柳子祠，不免要怀古一番。可是杨万里的眼睛却盯住了篱竿上的蜘蛛网。篱竿本来是编在栅栏上护花的，然而却成了蜘蛛结网的凭借。这是人们在园边宅畔常见的小事物，写入诗中，给人以异常的亲切感，也显示了诗人的童心。从中固然可以发现平凡的小东西中的诗情，若说其中含有某种讽喻，似乎也无不可。好诗是常常留着让读者充分想象的余地的。
以上三首都集中绘写景物中的某一个点，有如电影中的特色镜头；而第四首乍看似是写全景和远景。但细察之，置于画面中心的仍然是吸引视觉的有生意的景象。道路和远山只是画面的背景，着重呈露的却是草中的牛背和秧间的人踪。诗人的用心始终是赋予平常事物以新鲜感。
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上一首：
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孟浩然《
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涧南园即事贻皎上人》
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下一首：
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刘基《
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菩萨蛮·越城晚眺》
杨万里简介
唐代·杨万里的简介
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杨万里，字廷秀，号诚斋，男，汉族。吉州吉水（今江西省吉水县）人。南宋杰出诗人，与尤袤、范成大、陆游合称南宋“中兴四大诗人”、“南宋四大家”。
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