浣溪沙·丙辰岁不尽五日吴松作
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宋代]：姜夔
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雁怯重云不肯啼，画船愁过石塘西。打头风浪恶禁持。
春浦渐生迎棹绿，小梅应长亚门枝，一年灯火要人归。
浣溪沙·丙辰岁不尽五日吴松作创作背景
这首词写还家过年之情。姜夔一生布衣，以清客身份依人篱下，辗转飘泊，除夕不能回家过年，已是常事。宋宁宗庆元二年丙辰除夕前五日，姜夔从无锡乘船归杭州（当时白石移家杭州，依张鉴门下），途中经过吴松，遂作此词。
参考资料：
1、朱郭. 姜夔诗编年考略[J]. 湖州师专学报, 1995, (4).
浣溪沙·丙辰岁不尽五日吴松作鉴赏
“雁怯重云不肯啼。”起笔写向空中。大雁无声，穿过重云，飞向南方。南方温暖，对大雁来说，是一温馨的家，用比喻的手法表现作者归家的情景。长空彤云重重密布，雁儿心情紧张，故说“怯”字。但雁儿急于回家，一个劲往南飞，故不肯啼。此一画面，恰成词人归心似箭的写照。“画船愁过石塘西”，次句写出自己，句中著一愁字，便似乎此一画船，是载了满船清愁而行，又妙。作者既然归家但是描写的却都是惨淡景象，“打头风浪恶禁持”，作者巧妙的写出了实情，大风阻挡词人归路，人间有风浪猛打船头。天上有重云遮拦鸟道，对于思家心切的作者忧愁更深一步。
“春浦渐生迎棹绿”，过片仍写水面，意境却已焕然一新。浦者水滨，河水涨绿，渐生春意，轻拍桨橹。虽云渐生，可是春之一字，冠于句首，便觉已是春波骀荡，春意盎然。歇拍与过片，对照极其鲜明。从狂风恶浪过变而为春波荡漾，从风浪打头紧接便是春波迎桨，画境转变之大，笔力几于回天。真有“山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村”（陆游诗）的突兀感和欣悦感。笔峰骤转，却不显得生硬，两相对照，只觉笔意轻灵，意境超逸。时犹腊月，词人眼中之河水已俨然是一片春色，则此时词人之心中，自是一片温暖。“小梅应长亚门枝。”下句更翻出想象。离家已久之词人，揣想此时之家中，门前小梅，新枝生长，几乎高与门齐了。此一意境，何其馨逸，又何其温柔。小梅之句，颇似有一番喻意，暗示儿女之生长。经年飘泊在外之人，每一还家，乍见儿女又长高如许，其心情之喜慰，可想而知。小梅应长亚门枝，正是这种人生体验之一呈现。“一年灯火要人归。”结笔化浓情为淡语。除夕守岁之灯火，一年一度而已矣。灯火催人快回家，欢欢喜喜过个年。一笔写出家人盼归之殷切，亦写出自己归心之急切。此是全幅词情发展之必然结穴，于淡语中见深情。
此词的显著艺术特色，是以哀景写欢乐，以淡笔写浓情。上片以雁怯重云，画船载愁，浪打船头等惨淡景象反衬归家之欢欣，下片的春浦渐绿，小梅长枝，灯火催归等热闹景象突出了作者归心似箭的心情。
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姜夔简介
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姜夔，南宋文学家、音乐家。人品秀拔，体态清莹，气貌若不胜衣，望之若神仙中人。往来鄂、赣、皖、苏、浙间，与诗人词家杨万里、范成大、辛弃疾等交游。庆元中，曾上书乞正太常雅乐，他少年孤贫，屡试不第，终生未仕，一生转徙江湖，靠卖字和朋友接济为生。他多才多艺，精通音律，能自度曲，其词格律严密。其作品素以空灵含蓄著称，有《白石道人歌曲》等。姜夔对诗词、散文、书法、音乐，无不精善，是继苏轼之后又一难得的艺术全才。
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