馀干旅舍
[
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 93
唐代]：刘长卿
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 116
摇落暮天迥，青枫霜叶稀。
孤城向水闭，独鸟背人飞。
渡口月初上，邻家渔未归。
乡心正欲绝，何处捣寒衣。
馀干旅舍译文及注释
译文
韵译
草木摇落暮色中天空显得高远，青枫树上经霜的叶子零落疏稀。
孤城面对着河水城门已经关闭，单单一只鸟儿背向人向远方飞。
水边的渡口一轮新月刚刚升起，邻家的渔夫外出打鱼还未回归。
思乡的心情已经令人肝肠寸断，什么地方砧声错落正在捣寒衣？
散译
叶落草枯暮色中天显得清旷悠远，原先茂密的青枫现在的霜叶稀稀落落。
一座孤城面向河水的城门已经关闭，唯有的一只孤零零的鸟也向相反方向飞去。
水边的渡口一弯新月刚刚冉冉升起，邻居家的渔夫至今还没有摇船而回。
怀乡愁思的侵袭肝肠都要寸断了，从什么地方又传来了阵阵捣衣的砧声？
注释
馀（yú）干：唐代饶州馀干，即今江西省余干县。馀，即余。
摇落：指草木凋落。迥（jiǒng）：高远的样子。
青枫：苍翠的枫树。一作“丹枫”。霜叶：指经霜变红的枫叶。
向水：临水。
背人飞：离人而去（飞）。
渔：渔船。
绝：愁绝，极度忧愁。
捣寒衣：指旧时缝制寒衣，用捶棒捣平皱折时传出的砧声。
参考资料：
1、张国举．唐诗精华注译评：长春出版社，2010：234
2、陈增杰．唐人律诗笺注集评：浙江古籍出版社，2003：454
3、杨佐义．全唐诗精品译注汇典（上）：长春出版社，1993：958
馀干旅舍创作背景
此诗是刘长卿在唐肃宗上元二年（761）从岭南潘州南巴贬所北归时途经馀干所作。诗人寄寓馀干旅舍，伫立门外，看到秋风萧瑟，草木摇落，暮色渐深，城门紧闭，不禁生发思乡之情，创作此诗。
参考资料：
1、萧涤非．唐诗鉴赏辞典：上海辞书出版社，1983：409-410
2、张国举．唐诗精华注译评：长春出版社，2010：234
馀干旅舍鉴赏
此诗首联写诗人独自在旅舍门外伫立凝望。刘长卿喜欢用“摇落”这个词入诗，与《楚辞·九辩》中的名句：“悲哉秋之为气也，萧瑟兮草木摇落而变衰”意境相似，描绘出一幅西风落叶图。由于草木摇落，整个世界显得清旷疏朗起来。淡淡的暮色，铺展得那样悠远，一直漫到了天的尽头。原先那一片茂密的青枫，也早过了“霜叶红于二月花”的佳境，眼前连霜叶都变得稀稀落落，眼看就要凋尽了。诗人通过描写暮色中特有的秋景，展现了辽旷凄凉的自然景色，春去秋来，时间飞逝，既暗示了时光节令的流逝推移，又烘托了诗人内心的凄清孤寂，隐隐透露出一种郁郁的离情乡思。这样萧条的环境也为后边的抒情蓄势，做了铺垫。
颔联写暮色渐深，这冷落的氛围给诗人带来孤苦的感受：秋空寥廓，草木萧瑟，白水呜咽。诗人独立旅社中远望冥思，希望能有所慰藉，可是，“闭”字冷酷地将诗人的希望浇灭。余干城门也关闭起来了，连城也显得孤孤单单的。而一只鸟儿飞翔，也给空寂的环境带来一丝生机，但是，独鸟也不愿久留，背人远去，那况味是难堪的。“背”字表现了诗人内心的落寂和萧条。“独鸟背人飞”，含蕴着宦途坎坷的深沉感慨。此联句头为一“孤”一“独”，暗示了诗人孤苦背时，宦途坎坷的凄凉境遇。
颈联写随着时间推移，夜幕降临，一规新月正在那水边的渡口冉冉上升。往日此时，邻家的渔船早已傍岸，可今晚，渡口却是这样寂静，连渔船的影子都没有。这么晚了，本该回家的邻家渔夫，今夜还没有归来。诗人心思细腻，不禁对邻家渔夫担忧起来。诗人的体察是细微的，由渡口的新月，念及邻家的渔船未归，从渔家未归，当然又会触动自己的离思，在外漂泊的酸楚。诗人又想到自己不知道什么时候才能到家，家人肯定也是盼着自己回去。家人此刻或许也在登楼望远，“天际识归舟”。
诗写到这里，乡情旅思已经写足。尾联翻出新境，把诗情又推进一层。诗人凭眺已久，此时此刻，诗人内心深深的思乡之情绵绵不断地涌上心头，乡情愁思正不断侵袭着他的心灵，悲从中来。就在诗人“乡心欲绝’’时，不知从哪里又传来一阵捣衣的砧声，谁家少妇正在闺中为远方的亲人赶制寒衣。在阒寂的夜空中，那砧声显得分外清亮，不断的砧声让诗人已经欲绝的心情更加痛苦，一声声简直把诗人的心都快捣碎了。这一画外音的巧妙运用，更加真切感人地抒写出诗人满怀的悲愁痛苦。家中亲人不知此时又在做什么，兴念及此，不能不回肠荡气，五脏欲摧。诗虽然结束了，但凄清的乡思，缠绵的苦情，却还像无处不在的月光，拂之不去，剪之不断，久久萦绕，困扰着诗人不平静的心，言有尽而意无穷。
这首五言律诗淋漓尽致地表达了诗人的羁旅思乡之情。全诗按照时间顺序描写了日暮后的凄凉景色，由看得见“枫叶稀”的日暮时分，写到夜色渐浓，城门关闭，进而写到明月初上，直到夜阑人静，坐听闺中思妇捣寒衣的砧声，时间上有递进，凄凉的感情也在逐渐递进，直到最后达到了高潮，将凄苦的心情写得痛彻心扉。这体现了诗人在小城旅舍独自观察之久，透露出他乡游子极端孤独、寂寞的情怀和思乡情绪逐渐加浓，直到“乡心正欲绝”的过程。诗人巧妙地将内心的感情融合到环境中，自然也变得奇美无比，意蕴深厚，感情绵长。诗笔灵秀宛转，把这种内在的层次，写得不着痕迹，非细心体味不能得。一首小诗既有浑成自然之美，又做到意蕴深沉，十分难得。
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 169
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
上一首：
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 178
叶梦得《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 178
贺新郎·睡起流莺语》
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 193
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
下一首：
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 202
王维《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 202
晓行巴峡》
刘长卿简介
唐代·刘长卿的简介
Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 222
Warning: Use of undefined constant titleurl - assumed 'titleurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 228
刘长卿(约726 — 约786)，字文房，汉族，宣城（今属安徽）人，唐代诗人。后迁居洛阳，河间（今属河北）为其郡望。玄宗天宝年间进士。肃宗至德中官监察御史，后为长洲县尉，因事下狱，贬南巴尉。代宗大历中任转运使判官，知淮西、鄂岳转运留后，又被诬再贬睦州司马。德宗建中年间，官终随州刺史，世称刘随州。
猜你喜欢
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
书崇庆常公殉节传后
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
秦清
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
东北有伟人，大名垂西南。政化延邛笮，啸歌抒幽覃。
春嘘山矗矗，秋净水潭潭。琴能鸣其治，泉亦忘其贪。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
炮局杂诗 其五
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
周作人
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
一夜寒灯十首诗，若中作乐有谁知。而今木屋飕飕冷，正是无忧无虑时。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
次韵试可同游法王岳寺
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
宋代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
释道潜
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
两山脩径尽榛芜，谩诧当年幸翠舆。空睹宸文藏宝构，不逢衲子话真如。
林深想见灵根茂，地胜宜多隐者居。凉月照人归路好，傍溪嘉树影扶疏。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
长山谒范公祠四绝 其三
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
明代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
张吉
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
拜相后先公与马，公多容色马多忧。若更庆历为元祐，公亦须忧到死休。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
春帖子词二十首·十夫人合五首
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
宋代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
欧阳修
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
玉殿签声玉漏催，彩花金胜巧先裁。
宿云容与朝晖丽，共喜春随曙色来。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
重葺山居十绝 其三
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
明代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
郭之奇
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
披衣及晓赴初光，山课催人亦太忙。一路芜烟须尽扫，满空松雪正飞扬。