江上看山
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宋代]：苏轼
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船上看山如走马，倏忽过去数百群。
前山槎牙忽变态，后岭杂沓如惊奔。
仰看微径斜缭绕，上有行人高缥渺。
舟中举手欲与言，孤帆南去如飞鸟。
江上看山译文及注释
译文
在船上看山，山峦如同骏马疾走，数百座群峰顷刻间就从眼前过去了。
错杂不齐的前山瞬间变化万千，纷杂繁多的后岭犹如惊骇而奔跑。
仰看山上的小路歪斜盘回曲折，高远处隐约地看见有人在上面行走。
我在船中高高地举起手想和山上的行人打招呼，孤单的船只却像飞鸟一般往南驰逐而去。
注释
走马：奔跑的骏马。
倏忽：很快地，忽然。
槎（chá）牙：形容不齐的样子。
变态：改变形态。
杂沓（tà）：沓，一作“逐”，杂乱。这里形容“惊奔”的样子。
微径：山间小路。
缭绕：回环旋转。
缥缈：形容隐隐约约的样子。
欲与言：指想和山上的行人说话。
参考资料：
1、杜甫《前出塞》：‘‘隔河见胡骑，倏忽数百群。”
2、《郭祥正家醉画竹石壁上》：“枯肠得酒芒角出，肝肺槎牙生竹石。”
3、杨抱朴编著．《诠释与解读 》．北京：中国少年儿童出版社，2003：40
江上看山创作背景
嘉祜四年（1059年），苏轼从眉山赴汴京途中，途径荆州，乘船江行，看到两岸的群山心中充满不尽的喜悦之情，其中被巫山秀美艳丽景象、巍峨的气势所吸引。于是诗人写下这首诗，以多维多角度地描写船行之速，来表现诗人当时的奇趣盎然。
参考资料：
1、杨抱朴编著．《诠释与解读 》．北京：中国少年儿童出版社，2003：40
2、王琳、邢培顺编选．苏洵 苏辙集．南京：凤凰出版社，2007：210
江上看山鉴赏
这首诗采用的是白描手法。作者抓住急遽变化中的事物，恰当地表现出它们的变化。是诗人在诗歌创作初期所作的写景诗的代表，说明当时诗人已经具备了因物赋形的艺术功力。
诗的前四句描写的是荆州水路途中早晨在江上看山的图景。时令是冬季，诗人在初升的日光中，前望崖岸剥落的山岭，草木荒疏萧索，在日光的照射下，呈现出赤红的颜色。船不断地前进，诗人却没有感觉到船动，而只感觉到两岸的山在不断地移动。船下行，看到的山是上行。“如走马”，意思是山像马一样在走动，这里诗人是采用化静为动的写作手法，以反衬船速之快。同时也可见蜀中的山之多，因为蜀中的山连绵不断，“马”连成了群，一群一群地在自己眼前飞快地过去。船在加快速度前进，前面的山高低不齐，不成马形，后面的山却像受了惊的马群失去队形乱哄哄地奔跑。
诗的后四句描写所见山上道路以及环边小景。傍晚时分，前行途中，偶一回头，把目光转向盘旋曲折的山路上，看到在落日余晖之中，天空孤云飘荡，山上云气缭绕，加之山路上的行人，景色美妙如新成之画。而最后两句“舟中举手欲与言，孤帆南去如飞鸟。”诗人正想举手和他说话，而船“如飞鸟”已驶过去了。记下了一刹那，又是一种境界。这里写了船动。由雄悍、廓大转入细徐，跌宕而有致。
在这首诗中诗人描摹的景物，既有立体感，又有动态感，画面鲜明。运用比喻，新鲜活泼，语言明快而自然，风格雄健。诗人于字里行间，充满了对优美的自然景色的欣悦和向往之情。这首诗呈现了苏轼诗风的基调。
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柳永《
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柳初新·东郊向晓星杓亚》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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