大风留金山两日
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宋代]：苏轼
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塔上一铃独自语，明日颠风当断渡。
朝来白浪打苍崖，倒射轩窗作飞雨。
龙骧万斛不敢过，渔舟一叶従掀舞。
细思城市有底忙，却笑蛟龙为谁怒。
无事久留童仆怪，此风聊得妻孥忏。
潜山道人独何事，半夜不眠听粥鼓。
大风留金山两日译文及注释
译文
塔上的一个铃铛在自言自语：“明天有狂风不能渡过江南去。”
早晨风吹白浪拍击着青色山崖，又从山崖倒射船窗化作点点飞雨。
高大宽阔的楼船不敢航行，一叶小小的渔舟却任随风浪翻舞。
细思量奔往湖州又有何事可忙？倒暗笑蛟龙掀起怒涛为了什么缘故。
无事久留童仆就会责怪，这场大风使妻儿同意我在此地暂住。
潜山道人独自在做些什么，半夜不睡静静地倾听寺中的木鱼梆鼓。
注释
⑴“塔上”句：《晋书·佛图澄传》：“（石）勒死之年，天静无风，而塔上一铃独鸣。澄谓众曰：‘铃音云：国有大丧，不出今年矣。’既而勒果死。”此处化用其事。
⑵颠风：狂风。杜甫《逼侧行赠毕曜》诗：“晓来急雨春风颠。”
⑶龙骧（xiāng）：晋龙骧将军王濬受命伐吴，造大船，一船可容二千余人，后因以龙骧称大船。万斛（hú）：形容船容量极大。古时一斛十斗，南宋末改五斗为一斛。
⑷渔舟：一作“鱼艇”。掀舞：翻腾。
⑸城市：指前往湖州城。底，什么。
⑹怪：责怪。
⑺此风：一作“有风”。妻孥（nú）：妻子儿女。
⑻潜山道人：即释道潜，本名昙潜，号参寥子，赐号妙总大师。与苏轼、秦观友善，常有唱和。苏轼赴湖州任途中，过高邮时与他相会，并与之同行。
⑼半夜：一作“夜半”。粥鼓：即粥鱼，僧寺于黎明击木招呼众僧食粥，木像鱼形，故称粥鱼。此处泛指木鱼。
参考资料：
1、霍松林．宋诗鉴赏辞典：上海辞书出版社，1987：396-397
2、王水照 朱刚．苏轼诗词文选评：上海古籍出版社，2004：73-74
3、孙凡礼 刘尚荣．苏轼诗词选：中华书局，2005：98-99
大风留金山两日创作背景
这首诗作于元丰二年（1079）四月，当时苏轼由徐州改知湖州，赴任途中，经过镇江金山时作。
参考资料：
1、孙凡礼 刘尚荣．苏轼诗词选：中华书局，2005：98-99
大风留金山两日鉴赏
这首诗可分为两部分。前六句写“大风”。一二句借佛图澄事言大风将至。佛图澄借铃语来说吉凶，苏轼借铃语来说风兆。第二句是铃语的内容。颠风即狂风，杜甫有“晓来急雨春风颠”句（《逼侧行赠毕曜》）。三至六句写风势。“朝来”应“明日”，写铃语应验，行文扣得很紧。风无形，故借浪以状风大：白浪打着苍崖，又从苍崖倒射于船上轩窗，像雨点般洒在船上。“打”、“射”、“飞”三字，把无形的风写得有声有形，可触可感。“轩窗”已写到船，五六句通过集中写船进一步写风势。大船不敢过，小船任掀舞，通过一大一小，极写风浪的险恶。
后六句写人，写他们一行因风浪太大被迫“留金山两日”。七八句写他自己的态度：“赶到湖州去也没有什么事，在这里逗留几天也没有什么不好，蛟龙掀起汹涌的怒涛难不倒我。”这是一种随缘自适的态度。九、十句写妻孥童仆的态度。他们想快点到湖州，如果“无事久留”，定会受到责怪，此时是因风而留，他们也就无话可说了。最后两句是写灊山道人的态度。苏轼这次由徐州赴湖州，曾先到南都（商丘）看望弟弟苏辙，然后才南下，“至高邮，见太虚（秦观）、参寥，遂载与俱。”（苏轼《跋秦太虚题名记》）可见这时参寥也在船上。后两句说，尽管风浪正掀打着船舱，参寥却正专心地倾听金山寺的木鱼声。反映了僧人不以风浪为意的镇定态度。
此诗前半写景，有声有色；后半写人，风趣幽默。“得行固愿留不恶”（《泗州僧伽塔》），全诗正表现了苏轼这种随缘自适、不以风浪为怀的神情。
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苏轼《
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苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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