点绛唇·呈洛滨筠溪二老
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宋代]：张元干
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清夜沉沉，暗蛩啼处檐花落。乍凉帘幕，香绕屏山角。
堪恨归鸿，情似秋云薄。书难托，尽交寂寞，忘了前时约。
点绛唇·呈洛滨筠溪二老创作背景
此词所作具体年代不详。据张元干《精严寺化钟疏》文：“岁在戊辰（即绍兴十八年），僧结制日，洛滨、最乐、普现（即筠溪）三居士，拉芦川老隐过其所而宿焉”，此词大约是作于这个时期。
参考资料：
1、《唐宋词鉴赏辞典》（南宋·辽·金卷）.上海辞书出版社，1988年版，第1281-1282页
点绛唇·呈洛滨筠溪二老鉴赏
上片着重写景，寓情于景；下片着重抒情，曲折地表达出仕途的险恶与中原未复怅惘情绪。起二句刻画出一幅幽静的秋夜景色，而“啼”字和“落”字，又显示出静中有动，动中见静的意趣激发了同篇的活力。一个美好的深秋之夜，雨檐滴水，蟋蟀鸣叫，仿人读来历历在目，如闻其声。这种宁静的境界与梁代王籍《入若耶溪》诗“蝉噪林逾静，鸟鸣山更幽”有同工异曲之妙。词中这二句是化用杜甫《醉时歌》：“清夜沉沉动春酌，灯前细雨檐花落”的诗句。清王嗣奭《杜肊》解“檐花落”云：“檐水落，而灯光映之如银花。”非常接近于事实。
“乍凉”二句承上，从户外幽静之境转而到室内境况。秋雨连绵，靠近帘幕就感到寒气逼人，屋内香炉里散发着轻盈的烟缕，袅袅直上，萦绕在屏风的上端。词人由远及近，刻画生动，具体入微，把听觉、感觉、视觉组合在一起，增强了词人的立体感，这样也就着力渲染秋夜清冷的气氛和孤独寂静的境界。
下片抒情，词人倾吐了蕴藏在心灵深处的难以直言的思绪。“堪恨”二句，以“归鸿”作比喻，说明心事难寄。古代有鸿雁传书的说法，但这里是写征鸿的情意如那秋云一样淡溥，不肯传书，所以显得可恨。这与李清照《念奴娇》：“征鸿过尽，万千心事难寄”的意境相接近，而一“恨”字，感情色彩更为强烈。“秋云薄”是用杜甫《秋霁》：“天际秋云薄，从西万里风”的诗句。朱敦儒在《西江月》中写到：“世事短如春梦，人情薄如秋云。”因此，词人在这里埋怨征鸿情薄，蕴含着复杂的人情世态的深层用意。
“书难托”三句，从上句“堪恨”而来，正因于“征鸿”不传书信，而金兵占领中原，所以难以寄言，因此又谁能理解，作者的万千心事呢？词人在《兰陵王》词中说：“塞鸿难托，谁问潜宽旧带眼。”在这令人恼而又相思的岁月里，既无法寄声传语，那就让忘掉过去的一切，任凭自己的寂寞无聊吧以此来打发岁月。
这首小令寥寥四十一字，但写得概括，凝练、疏隽给人以美的享受，不觉使人动情，全词缘情设景，笔力委婉曲折，抒发了词人对中原不能收回的愁恨之情，更显得意境沉郁深厚。
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苏轼《
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好事近·烟外倚危楼》
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苏轼《
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大风留金山两日》
张元干简介
唐代·张元干的简介
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元干出身书香门第。其父名动，进士出身，官至龙图阁直学士，能诗。张元干受其家风影响，从小聪明好学，永泰的寒光阁、水月亭是他幼年生活和读书处。十四五岁随父亲至河北官廨（在临漳县）已能写诗，常与父亲及父亲的客人唱和，人称之“敏悟”。
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