折桂令·问秦淮
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清代]：孔尚任
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问秦淮旧日窗寮，破纸迎风，坏槛当潮，目断魂消。
当年粉黛，何处笙箫？罢灯船端阳不闹，收酒旗重九无聊。
白鸟飘飘，绿水滔滔，嫩黄花有些蝶飞，新红叶无个人瞧。
折桂令·问秦淮译文及注释
译文
曾经的秦淮两岸画船窗寮，窗户上，破纸迎风瑟瑟作响，朽门外，潮水拍打空城阵阵传来，这风声，潮声反衬了人声寂寂，一片萧条冷落。
过去，这里游人如织，佳丽云集，舞榭歌台，笙箫彻夜。河中，彩楫画肪闹端阳，岸上，酒旗耸立庆重九。而现在，歌女逃散，丝竹不闻，秦淮河无有当年的遗风余韵了。即使适逢节日，也是“端阳不闹”，“重九无聊”。
小鸟在白云端自由飞翔，秦淮河绿水滔滔，河岸红叶似火，黄花初绽，蝴蝶飞逐。刚绽放的黄花上有几只蝴蝶在飞，刚落下的红叶如此美丽，却没有人来欣赏了。
注释
秦淮：今南京秦淮河，作品中借杜牧《泊秦淮》之意，来表现国家风雨飘摇的情况下，众生还在歌舞升平。
端阳：南方重大的节日，这里指经过战乱，歌女逃散，丝竹不闻，秦淮河无有当年的遗风余韵了。
“白鸟”句：小鸟在白云端自由飞翔，秦淮河绿水滔滔，河岸红叶似火，黄花初绽，蝴蝶飞逐。好一派万物争自由的勃然生机。
折桂令·问秦淮鉴赏
此曲写苏昆生重访秦淮。秦淮河横贯南京市，河两岸为景胜、繁华之地，但现在苏昆生见到的是一片残败。“破纸迎风，坏槛当潮”两句，以声音衬寂寥。窗户上，破纸迎风瑟瑟作响，朽门外，潮水拍打空城阵阵传来，这风声，潮声反衬了人声寂寂，一片萧条冷落。接着，作者将人物和节日情况作今昔对比，突出今日秦淮河无人无乐无节日佳庆的空寂。过去，这里游人如织，佳丽云集，舞榭歌台，笙箫彻夜。河中，彩楫画肪闹端阳，岸上，酒旗耸立庆重九。作者用富有特征性的“粉黛”、“笙箫”、“灯船”、“酒旗”，写尽了昔日秦淮河畔繁华竟逐的景象。而现在，歌女逃散，丝竹不闻，秦淮河无有当年的遗风余韵了。即使适逢节日，也是“端阳不闹”，“重九无聊”。“端阳”、“重九”代麦了南方的重大节日，“不闹”、“无聊”突出了一片冷落凄清。“不闹”从环境气氛说，虽是佳节，却无热烈欢悦的氛围。“无聊”从情绪说，写出人们没有兴致，无心无绪的委顿精神状态。节日尚且如此，平日就更可想而知了。作者把人民的亡国哀痛心理，挖掘得多么深，表达得多么活啊！秦淮河舞歇歌罢，亦大有与南明王朝笙歌旖旎、舞榭歌台相对照的意味，在对比中，加深人们的兴亡感触。今昔对比后，“白鸟飘飘”四句的自然景象描写，进一步开拓意境。小鸟在白云端自由飞翔，秦淮河绿水滔滔，河岸红叶似火，黄花初绽，蝴蝶飞逐。好一派万物争自由的勃然生机。这繁茂、永恒的自然界与萧条没落的秦淮社会形成了强烈对照，在艺术的对照中，深化了主题的表达。
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乔吉《
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周邦彦《
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氐州第一·波落寒汀》
孔尚任简介
唐代·孔尚任的简介
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孔尚任（1648~1718年），字聘之，又字季重，号东塘（《随园诗话》所载为东堂），别号岸堂，自称云亭山人。山东曲阜人，孔子六十三代孙，清初诗人、戏曲作家，继承了儒家的思想传统与学术，自幼即留意礼、乐、兵、农等学问，还考证过乐律，为以后的戏曲创作打下了音乐知识基础。世人将他与《长生殿》作者洪升并论，称“南洪北孔”。
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