三月过行宫
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唐代]：李贺
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渠水红繁拥御墙，风娇小叶学娥妆。
垂帘几度青春老，堪锁千年白日长。
三月过行宫译文及注释
译文
御沟里的水荭白蒿把行宫的围墙拥绕，淡红柔绿像宫女的红颊翠眉般妖娇。
行宫里帘幕几次更换青春已经变衰老，宫门深锁宫女无尽的苦寂何日终了！
注释
行宫：皇帝外出所住之处。此指东都洛阳行宫。
渠水：沟渠中的水，此指御沟水。渠，即指御沟。唐杜牧《东都送郑处诲校书归上都》诗：“悠悠渠水清，雨霁洛阳城 。”红：水荭（hóng），是一种水生植物。繁：曾益本作“蘩”。蘩（fán），白蒿，即艾蒿。边让赋云：“若绿蘩之垂干。” 吴正子注曰：“红繁，荷也。小叶，初生叶也。”
风娇：谓风姿娇柔。娥妆：美女的妆饰。宋晏几道《蝶恋花·碧草池塘春又晚》词：“小叶风娇，尚学娥妆浅。”
垂帘：放下帘子。谓闲居无事。《南史·顾恺之传》：“ 觊之 御繁以约，县用无事。昼日垂帘，门阶闲寂。”
千年：极言时间久远。晋陶渊明《挽歌诗》：“幽室一已闭，千年不复朝。”
参考资料：
1、冯浩非 徐传武．李贺诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：129-130
三月过行宫创作背景
古代供帝王离京出行时居住的宫室，叫做“行宫”。洛阳行宫在唐明皇以前，年年巡幸。安史之乱后遂止。在繁花似锦的阳春三月，作者曾经过行宫，看到御沟里长着水荭白蒿，嫩红柔绿，联想到行宫内的宫女们被迫过着长期与世隔绝的生活，因而写了这首诗。
参考资料：
1、冯浩非 徐传武．李贺诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：129-130
三月过行宫鉴赏
《三月过行宫》是一首七绝。作者经过行宫，时当阳春三月，看到的是一派春景：“渠水红繁拥御“墙”，诗起句写宫墙外侧，御沟之中，水荭茂盛，白蒿繁密。全诗中实写竹宫春景，仅此一句。接下“风娇小叶学娥妆”，始由眼前水荭生发联想，由实返虚。“风娇小叶”，指荭，红茎，叶片嫩绿，叶上有淡红色茸毛，摇曳风中，色状娇艳。作者忽然觉得，它多么像宫女新妆的红颊翠眉。两种事物，一般新艳，可谓神似。诗起二句，由景及人，辞美，意想亦美。而就全诗之文势而言，则是欲抑先扬，引起下文。
“垂帘几度青春老，堪锁千年白日长。”宫女虽曾有春天般的时光，虽曾有水荭新蒿般娇嫩柔美的容貌，但在寂寞深宫里，经不得春去冬来，几度垂帘，青春转瞬即逝，红颜须臾便老，这种千年长锁的生活实在不堪忍受。诗的后两句，作者用“几度”与“千年”对举，表现宫女们青春易去而寂寞长在的凄苦哀怨的不幸生活，并寄予深切的同情，委婉地表达了对这一不合理社会现象的愤慨。
李贺诗在艺术上以奇丽为其特色，这首诗也表现了这一点。李贺诗的奇，主要在取材和构想上离绝凡近，出人意表。而这首《三月过行宫》更体现出作者构想的奇妙。诗人由御沟荭蒿的春景，一下子便联想到宫女的容颜，然后再联想到她们长锁深宫的生活遭遇，思绪由实而虚，以小见大，从具体的实景到概括的抒情，脱落俗套，与一般宫怨诗的艺术构思不同。而色泽明丽、词藻华美，也是显而易见的。
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上一首：
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杜牧《
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汉江》
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下一首：
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黄庭坚《
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秋思寄子由》
李贺简介
唐代·李贺的简介
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李贺（约公元791年-约817年），字长吉，汉族，唐代河南福昌（今河南洛阳宜阳县）人，家居福昌昌谷，后世称李昌谷，是唐宗室郑王李亮后裔。有“诗鬼”之称，是与“诗圣”杜甫、“诗仙”李白、“诗佛”王维相齐名的唐代著名诗人。著有《昌谷集》。李贺是中唐的浪漫主义诗人，与李白、李商隐称为唐代三李。有“‘太白仙才，长吉鬼才’之说。李贺是继屈原、李白之后，中国文学史上又一位颇享盛誉的浪漫主义诗人。李贺长期的抑郁感伤，焦思苦吟的生活方式，元和八年（813年）因病辞去奉礼郎回昌谷，27岁英年早逝。
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