江陵愁望寄子安
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唐代]：鱼玄机
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忆君心似西江水，日夜东流无歇时。
江陵愁望寄子安译文及注释
译文
在一个凄清的深秋，枫叶漂浮于江水之上。这时一阵西风吹来，漫山的树木发出萧萧之声，闻见此景，小女子我伤感了。极目远眺，见江桥掩映于枫林之中。日已垂暮，咋还不见情郎乘船归来。不见情郎归，小女子我焦灼了。我对情郎的思念如西江之水延绵不绝，流水有多长，我的思念就有多久。
注释
江陵：唐朝时江陵府东境达今湖北潜江汉水南岸。诗中“江陵”指长江南岸之潜江，而非北岸之江陵。子安，即李亿，为朝廷补阙。《情书寄子安》题下注云：“一本题下有补阙二字。”可知李子安即李亿。但也有人认为子安为另一人。
掩映：时隐时现，半明半暗。暮帆：晚归的船。
“忆君”二句：同南唐李煜《虞美人·春花秋月何时了》“问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流”与北宋欧阳修《踏莎行·候馆梅残》“离愁渐远渐无穷，迢迢不断如春水”表现手法相似。
江陵愁望寄子安创作背景
据载，李亿、鱼幼微（鱼玄机原名）二人在大诗人温庭筠的撮合之下一见钟情。但在江陵，李亿还有一个原配夫人裴氏，见丈夫去京多时仍不来接自己，于是多次来信催促。在无可奈何的情况下，李亿只好亲自东下接眷。鱼幼微送别了李亿，便牵肠挂肚地写了这首《江陵愁望寄子安》。
江陵愁望寄子安鉴赏
鱼玄机这首《江陵愁望寄子安》载于《全唐诗》卷八〇四。下面是中国李白研究学会理事、四川大学文学与新闻学院教授周啸天先生对此诗的赏析。
建安诗人徐干有著名的《室思》诗五章，第三章末四句是：“自君之出矣，明镜暗不治。思君如流水，无有穷已时。”后世爱其情韵之美，多仿此作五言绝句，成为“自君之出矣”一体。女诗人鱼玄机的这首写给GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人的诗，无论从内容、用韵到后联的写法，都与徐干《室思》的四句十分接近。但体裁属七绝，可看作“自君之出矣”的一个变体。惟其有变化，故创获也在其中了。
五绝与七绝，虽同属绝句，二体对不同风格的适应性却有较大差异。朱自清说：“论七绝的称含蓄为‘风调’。风飘摇而有远情，调悠扬而有远韵，总之是余味深长。这也配合着七绝的曼长的声调而言，五绝字少节促，便无所谓风调。”（《唐诗三百首指导大概》）读鱼玄机这首诗，觉着它比《自君之出矣》多一点什么的，正是这里所说的“风调”。本来这首诗也很容易缩成一首五绝：“枫叶千万枝，江桥暮帆迟。忆君如江水，日夜无歇时”，字数减少而意思不变，但总感到少一点什么，也是这里所说的“风调”。试逐句玩味鱼诗，看每句多出两字是否多余。
首句以江陵秋景兴起愁情。《楚辞·招魂》：“湛湛江水兮上有枫，极目千里兮伤春心。”枫生江上，西风来时，满林萧萧之声，很容易触动人的愁怀。“千枝复万枝”，是以枫叶之多写愁绪之重。它不但用“千”“万”数字写枫叶之多，而且通过“枝”字的重复，从声音上状出枝叶之繁。而“枫叶千万枝”字减而音促，没有上述那层好处。
“江桥掩映──暮帆迟”。极目远眺，但见江桥掩映于枫林之中；日已垂暮，而不见那人乘船归来。“掩映”二字写出枫叶遮住望眼，对于传达诗中人焦灼的表情是有帮助的。词属双声，念来上口。有此二字，形成句中排比，声调便曼长而较“江桥暮帆迟”为好听。
前两句写盼人不至，后两句便接写相思之情。用江水之永不停止，比相思之永无休歇，与《室思》之喻，机杼正同。乍看来，“西江”、“东流”颇似闲字，但减作“忆君如流水，日夜无歇时”，比较原句便觉读起来不够味了。刘方平《春怨》末二句云：“庭前时有东风入，杨柳千条尽向西”，晚清王闿运称赞说“以东、西二字相起，（其妙）非独人不觉，作者也不自知也”，“不能名言，但恰入人意。”（《湘绮楼说诗》）鱼玄机此诗末两句妙处正同。细味这两句，原来分用在两句之中非为骈偶而设的成对的反义字（“东”“西”），有彼此呼应，造成抑扬抗坠的情调，或擒纵之致的功用，使诗句读来有一唱三叹之音，亦即所谓“风调”。而删芟这样字面，虽意思大致不差，却必损韵调之美。因此鱼玄机此诗每句多二字，有助于加强抒情效果，它们充分发挥了作用。所以比较五绝“自君之出矣”一体，艺术上正自有不可及之处。
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毛熙震《
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苏轼《
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青玉案·送伯固归吴中》
鱼玄机简介
唐代·鱼玄机的简介
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鱼玄机，女，晚唐诗人，长安（今陕西西安）人。初名鱼幼微，字蕙兰。咸通（唐懿宗年号，860—874）中为补阙李亿妾，以李妻不能容，进长安咸宜观出家为女道士。后被京兆尹温璋以打死婢女之罪名处死。鱼玄机性聪慧，有才思，好读书，尤工诗。与李冶、薛涛、刘采春并称唐代四大女诗人。鱼玄机其诗作现存五十首，收于《全唐诗》。有《鱼玄机集》一卷。其事迹见《唐才子传》等书。
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