题松汀驿
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唐代]:张祜
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山色远含空,苍茫泽国东。
海明先见日,江白迥闻风。
鸟道高原去,人烟小径通。
那知旧遗逸,不在五湖中。
题松汀驿译文及注释
译文
无边的山色,连接着遥远的天空,东南的泽国,在苍茫的烟波之中。
多么明亮的海水,托出一轮红日,明镜般的江水,风掀银浪起涛声。
山路险峻啊,只有飞鸟才能通过,人烟稀疏啊,连接着弯曲的小路。
隐居的旧友哟,你在泽国的何处?我跑遍了五湖,未寻到你的行踪。
注释
松汀驿:驿站名。在江苏境内太湖的边上。
含:包含。空:指天空。
苍茫:形容无边无际的样子。泽国:形容水多的地方。此指太湖及其吴中一带。
海:地面潴水区域大而近陆地者称海。先见日:因东南近海故。
江白:江水泛白波。迥:远。
鸟道:指仅容飞鸟通过的道路,比喻险峻狭窄的山路。
人烟:住户的炊烟,泛指人家。古人烹饪时都以柴草为燃料,燃烧时会产生浓烟,所以见到炊烟就表示有人居住。
旧遗逸:旧日的隐逸之士。此指遗世独立的老朋友。遗逸,隐士;遗才。
五湖:此指太湖。
参考资料:
1、蒙万夫 等.千家诗鉴赏辞典.西安:世界图书出版公司,2006:430-431
题松汀驿创作背景
这首诗是诗人到太湖找不到朋友,落脚在湖畔一个名叫松汀驿的驿站时,题在壁上的诗。张祜始居姑苏(今江苏苏州),后隐居丹阳(今属江苏),其一生行迹主要在苏南太湖附近一带地方。
参考资料:
1、蒙万夫 等.千家诗鉴赏辞典.西安:世界图书出版公司,2006:430-431
题松汀驿鉴赏
松汀驿只是太湖东岸边上的一个供人宿食及停车置马的小旅店,但却美景无限,可见太湖的美名绝非虚传。太湖古称震泽、笠泽、五湖,面积古称三万六千顷。因为水秀山明,湖中水产丰富,所以开发得很早,在春秋时代就是吴王夫差打猎游憩的地方。
此诗前六句描写了山色、水光、东海日出、白浪涛声,以及山间险峻的羊肠小道,用江南水乡的特有景物构成了一幅气象壮阔、风光明丽的风景画。结尾二句意义不甚可解。唐汝询解云:“因想世人皆以五湖为隐士栖逸之所,殊不知古时之遗逸,乃有不居五湖而在此中者。其意必有所指,地既无考,人亦宜阙。”因此他就说结句有含蓄,实则含蓄些什么,他自己也说不出。吴昌祺在《删订唐诗解》中删去了唐汝询的解释,批云:“其驿或在吴越间,故望五湖而意其有逸民。”后来屈复却说:“言高原小径,既通人烟,则遗逸斯在,而那知其不然也。”三家对结句的体会,都不相同。因为“那知”和“不在”的关系很不清楚。唐解“那知”为“岂知”,意为:岂知旧时隐士,不在五湖而在此地。吴解“那知”为“安知”,意为:怎么知道旧时的隐士不会在这五湖中呢?屈解“那知”亦为“岂知”,但是作肯定语气。施蛰存则认为,这里的“旧遗逸”指旧时隐士,可能就是范蠡。他把最后两句的意思理解为:但恨如今的五湖中,已无范蠡可追随。这末二句是从前面“人烟小径通”的进一步联想而来。“五湖遗逸”是整幅风景画的一个构成部分。前六句是实写,后二句是虚写,虚实结合,给此诗带来了想象的空间和余味,而避免了板滞之嫌。
题目“松汀驿”,从来没有人加注,不知在什么地方。唐汝询云:“驿之所在未详,疑必依枕山陵,襟带江海。其高原险绝,则为鸟道;其小径幽僻,则通人烟。斯固隐沦之所藏乎?”唐汝询、吴昌祺都是松江人,却不敢设想这个“松汀驿”乃是“松江驿”之误。在题咏旅途的唐诗中,没有见过第二个“松汀驿”,而“松江驿”却是常见的。许浑、窦巩都有题松江驿诗。由吴入越,舟行必取道松江。松江驿在太湖之东,故诗云“苍茫泽国东”。这个江字,大约很早已误成汀字,故各本都作松汀,而无法在地理书中找到作注的资料。
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姜彧《
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浣溪沙·山滴岚光水拍堤》
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姜夔《
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浣溪沙·著酒行行满袂风》
张祜简介
唐代·张祜的简介
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张祜 字承吉,邢台清河人,唐代著名诗人。出生在清河张氏望族,家世显赫,被人称作张公子,有“海内名士”之誉。张祜的一生,在诗歌创作上取得了卓越成就。“故国三千里,深宫二十年”张祜以是得名,《全唐诗》收录其349首诗歌。
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