诉衷情·琵琶女
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宋代]：苏轼
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小莲初上琵琶弦，弹破碧云天。分明绣阁幽恨，都向曲中传。
肤莹玉，鬓梳蝉，绮窗前。素娥今夜，故故随人，似斗婵娟。
诉衷情·琵琶女译文及注释
译文
小莲刚刚给琵琶调弦，声音清越，好像要冲破云天。细细听来，乐声分明在诉说绣阁中的怨恨，声声感人。
只见她肤如美玉，梳着一对蝉鬓，手抱琵琶，站在窗前。今晚的月亮照着她，好像月宫里的嫦娥特意跟她比美似的。
注释
诉衷情：词牌名。唐教坊曲。又名《一丝风》、《诉衷情令》等。有唐词、宋词之分。唐词有单调、双调两体。宋词皆双调。
小莲：北齐后主高纬宠妃冯淑妃名小怜（一作莲），能弹琵琶，善歌舞。此处借指琵琶女。
碧云天：意思是蔚蓝的天空。
绣阁：闺房，指女子的住处。幽恨：深恨。
莹玉：形容皮肤洁白。莹：玉色美石。
鬓梳蝉：将鬓发梳成蝉翼的形状。
绮（qǐ）窗：雕画美观的窗户。
素娥：传说月中女神名嫦娥，月色白，故又称素娥。
故故：故意或特意。唐、宋时口语。
婵娟：美好的样子。
参考资料：
1、朱靖华、饶学刚、王文龙、饶晓明．历代名家词新释辑评丛书苏轼词新释辑评．北京：中国书店出版社，2007年1月：91-93
2、石延博．宋词．北京：中国和平出版社，2004年12月：64
诉衷情·琵琶女创作背景
宋神宗熙宁三年（1070年）十月，该词是苏轼在宋道的家中见有女弹奏琵琶有感而作，同时作《宋叔达家听琵琶》一诗。
参考资料：
1、朱靖华、饶学刚、王文龙、饶晓明．历代名家词新释辑评丛书苏轼词新释辑评．北京：中国书店出版社，2007年1月：91-93
诉衷情·琵琶女鉴赏
上片写琵琶女高超的技艺和内心的幽恨。苏轼借北齐善弹琵琶的冯淑妃的名字指称琵琶女，暗含着对她的技艺的赞许和肯定。“初上琵琶弦”，是说转轴拨弦，开始弹奏。听去果然不同凡响：“弹破碧云天。”古人形容歌声响亮和美妙，本有“响遏行云”之说（见《列子·汤问》），唐诗“歌遏碧云天”即由此而来。苏轼再加变化，用来夸说琵琶弹奏的高妙动人，是恰切不过，而又有创新意味的。着一“破”字，可能受到“鬼才”诗人李贺“石破天惊逗秋雨”（《李凭箜篌引》）这句诗的启发，以突出其超常的艺术效果。由于受到词调字句的严格限制，苏轼不可能像白居易那样在《琵琶行》中对另一个琶琶女的绝技展开描写，而只是从听者感受的角度，以夸张和写意的笔法作了高度的概括，从而给读者留下了想象的余地，收到了以少胜多的效果。说琵琶女技艺高超，还表现在：“分明绣阁幽恨，都向曲中传。”能把一个闺中女子内心深微、复杂的感情，都通过琵琶弹奏的乐曲传达出来，让苏轼“分明”地加以体认，这是很精湛的技艺。这两句虽然同样写听觉感受，却从曲调传写的情感（或心理内容）着眼，因而并不显得重复，而且多少接触到了琵琶女的内心世界，也暗含着苏轼对她的不幸命运的深切同情。上片写琵琶女，句句紧扣“琵琶”的弹奏，寥寥几笔，就能给人以比较鲜明、深刻的印象。
下片转换角度，写琵琶女的外形美。过片“肤莹玉，鬓梳蝉”两句，从正面着笔写琵琶女的肤色白皙和鬓发俏丽，像是电影中的两个特写镜头，表现了琵琶女外形的美丽。接下去“绮窗前”一句，像是写了一个侧影，与上片联系起来看，这该是琵琶女弹奏之处，原来那美妙动听、曲传幽恨的琵琶声就是从这儿发出的。所以这一笔虽已虚化，却给读者留下了想象和回味的空间。结尾以明月来衬托，使琵琶女更显得天姿国色，美丽动人。妙在将明月人格化，说明月在今夜特意随人行走（当明月发现琵琶女之后），似乎要同琵琶女比一比谁更美好呢。这是苏轼听到琵琶女弹奏时，恰好见到当空的一轮明月，灵感突发，因而获致的神来之笔
从全词来看，上片为主，而下片为宾，下片所写的人的外形美，对于上片所写的技艺之精、乐声之美来说，也是一种衬托。苏轼使二者相得益彰，更突出了琵琶女美的形象。这是作品艺术构思上的一个重要特色。
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赵显宏《
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苏轼《
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满江红·忧喜相寻》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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