一舸
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清代]：吴伟业
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霸越亡吴计已行，论功何物赏倾城？
西施亦有弓藏惧，不独鸱夷变姓名。
一舸鉴赏
历代咏西施的诗，或将她视为以色媚主，使吴王招致亡国杀身之祸的“尤物”，或将她视为灭吴的第一功臣。这首诗却别出新意，揭露了统治者擅权负义的丑恶行径，称颂了西施的远见卓识。据《吴越春秋》记载，越王勾践为吴王夫差战败被俘后，范蠡用美人计，献西施于吴王，让吴王放越王回国，并使吴王沉湎于酒色，不理朝政。勾践卧薪尝胆，“十年生聚，十年教训”，终得以灭吴，重建霸业。
首句“计已行”三字，肯定了这一策略已获成功。毫无疑问，西施在实现“霸越亡吴”的谋略方面功不可没，越国对她本该论功行赏。
第二句诗也肯定了西施的功绩，同时又故意设问启人深思：她究竟该得到何种奖赏呢？这一问，使诗显出了曲折，也在读者脑海中掀起了波澜。
第三、四两句回答了这一问题，同时也点了题。“西施为越苎萝村西鬻薪之女”，传说勾践携西施归越后，越王夫人暗中派人将她沉尸江底，一说西施“复归范蠡同泛五湖而去”。诗人更相信后说。为什么呢？“西施亦有弓藏惧”一句，可谓独具慧眼，一语破的。“亦有”与下句的“不独”互文对照，更说明在诗人看来，西施是一位聪慧过人的女子，当她牺牲自身拯救了沦亡的祖国后，必然会像范蠡一样具有先见之明，洞察越王的奸恶，也必然会怀着与范蠡一样的“弓藏惧”作出变名易姓、浪迹江湖的抉择，以免功高震主，成为统治者权力私欲的受害者。这首诗突破了封建统治阶级女人误国的“祸水”观，史识深刻，感慨深婉，行文曲折，体现出“指事类情，又宛转如意”（赵翼）的艺术特色。
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辛弃疾《
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卜算子·千古李将军》
吴伟业简介
唐代·吴伟业的简介
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吴伟业（1609～1672）字骏公，号梅村，别署鹿樵生、灌隐主人、大云道人，世居江苏昆山，祖父始迁江苏太仓，汉族，江苏太仓人，崇祯进士。明末清初著名诗人，与钱谦益、龚鼎孳并称“江左三大家”，又为娄东诗派开创者。长于七言歌行，初学“长庆体”，后自成新吟，后人称之为“梅村体”。
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