苏子瞻哀辞
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宋代]：张舜民
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石与人俱贬，人亡石尚存。
却怜坚重质，不减浪花痕。
满酌中山酒，重添丈八盆。
公兮不归北，万里一招魂。
苏子瞻哀辞创作背景
建中靖国元年（1101年）七月二十八日，苏轼自儋州（今海南儋县）贬所北归途中卒于常州。诗人九月得知苏轼病逝的噩耗，于是写下了这首睹物思人的哀辞。
参考资料：
1、缪钺，霍松林，周振甫，吴调公，曾枣庄，葛晓音，陈伯海，赵昌平，莫砺锋，刘永翔等撰写．宋诗鉴赏辞典 新1版：上海辞书出版社，2015.07：第326-327页
苏子瞻哀辞鉴赏
首联“石与人俱贬，人亡石尚存”从人石俱贬写到石存人亡，一开头就具有强烈的感伤色彩。诗人从“石”入手，自然浑成。石存人亡的衬托，突现了苏轼的不幸。当年，苏轼被贬南方，这块心爱的玩石，随其同往，可谓同病相怜；而如今人去石存，大有人不如石之慨。而赞美“石”质的“坚”与“重”，则暗含诗人对苏轼为人立世之本的钦佩。苏轼一生，在政治上从不因一己之利而朝三暮四，始终坚持独立的品行。石随人贬，一个“俱”字，道尽了当时的世态炎凉。更伤感的是，苏轼所欣赏的雪浪石虽“不闻”而“尚存”，雪浪斋还可重新“葺治”，而石和斋的主人苏轼却再也见不到了，充满了物是人非之感。
中间两联承“石尚存”生发。“坚重质”既是写雪浪石，又是苏轼的象征。苏轼一生爱石，在于石具有“震霆凛霜我不迁”的“节概”，也就是诗人所说的“坚重质”，而苏轼一生在险恶的政治风浪中正具有这种坚重不迁的高贵品质。颈联隐括苏轼《雪浪石》诗和《雪浪斋铭》入诗，写珍惜和复原友人遗物。“满酌中山酒”，是说诗人也要像当年苏轼那样“老翁儿戏作飞雨，把酒坐看珠跳盆”。“重添丈八盆”，是说要重做“玉井芙蓉丈八盆”以盛装雪浪石。珍重友人遗物正表现了思念友人的深厚之情。
尾联承“人亡”。“不归北”，语意双关，既指苏轼卒于常州，又指苏轼鉴于政治原因，决意“不归北”。苏轼本来“已决计从弟之言，同居颍昌”，但行至真州，“颇闻北方事，有决不可往颍昌近地居者，今已决计居常州。”所谓“北方事”是指宋徽宗上台仅一年多，就由调停新旧两党转为再次打击元祐党人。苏轼为“省力避害”，决意留在离京城较远的南方。不料突然卒于常州，失去了同弟弟和老友重见的机会，诗人也只能在遥远的定州为友人招魂而已。
这首诗在写法上别开生面，它睹石思旧，借物写人，以“贬”字领起全篇，以“亡”字，贯穿始终，层层递进，环环入扣，诗中无一“哀”字，而哀情则从隙缝中透露出来。
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减字木兰花·相逢不语》
张舜民简介
唐代·张舜民的简介
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张舜民 生卒年不详，北宋文学家、画家。字芸叟，自号浮休居士，又号矴斋。邠州（今陕西彬县）人。诗人陈师道之姊夫。英宗治平二年(1065)进士，为襄乐令。元丰中，环庆帅高遵裕辟掌机密文字。元祐初做过监察御史。为人刚直敢言。徽宗时升任右谏议大夫,任职七天,言事达60章，不久以龙图阁待制知定州。后又改知同州。曾因元祐党争事，牵连治罪，被贬为楚州团练副使，商州安置。后又出任过集贤殿修撰。
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