小儿垂钓
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唐代]：胡令能
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小儿垂钓译文及注释
译文
一个头发蓬乱、面孔青嫩的小孩在河边学着大人钓鱼，侧着身子坐在草丛中，野草掩映了他的身影。
听到有过路的人问路，小孩漠不关心地摆了摆手，生怕惊动了鱼儿，不敢回应过路人。
注释
蓬头：形容小孩可爱。稚子：年龄小的、懵懂的孩子。垂纶：钓鱼。纶：钓鱼用的丝线。
莓：一种野草。苔：苔藓植物。映：遮映。
借问：向人打听。
鱼惊：鱼儿受到惊吓。应：回应，答应，理睬。
小儿垂钓创作背景
《小儿垂钓》是胡令能到农村去寻找一个朋友，向钓鱼儿童问路后所作。
参考资料：
1、徐培均主编．中国古代诗苑精品：东方出版中心，1996年08月第1版：第534页-第536页
小儿垂钓鉴赏
《小儿垂钓》是一首以儿童生活为题材的诗作，诗写一“蓬头稚子”学钓鱼，“侧坐莓苔草映身”，路人向小儿招手，想借问打听一些事情，那小儿却“怕得鱼惊不应人”（怕惊了鱼而不置一词），真是活灵活现、惟妙惟肖，形神兼备，意趣盎然。其艺术成就丝毫不亚于杜牧著名的《清明》一诗。
此诗分垂钓和问路两层，第一、二句重在写垂钓（形），第三、四句重在问路（传神）。
第一、二句，稚子，小孩也。“蓬头”写其外貌，突出了小孩的幼稚顽皮，天真可爱。“纶”是钓丝，“垂纶”即题目中的“垂钓”，也就是钓鱼。诗人对这垂钓小儿的形貌不加粉饰，直写出山野孩子头发蓬乱的本来面目，使人觉得自然可爱与真实可信。“学”是这首诗的诗眼。这个小孩子初学钓鱼，所以特别小心。在垂钓时，“侧坐”姿态，草映其身，行为情景，如在眼前。“侧坐”带有随意坐下的意思。侧坐，而非稳坐，正与小儿初学此道的心境相吻合。这也可以想见小儿不拘形迹地专心致志于钓鱼的情景。“莓苔”，泛指贴着地面生长在阴湿地方的低等植物，从“莓苔”不仅可以知道小儿选择钓鱼的地方是在阳光罕见人迹罕到的所在，更是一个鱼不受惊、人不暴晒的颇为理想的钓鱼去处，为后文所说“怕得鱼惊不应人”做了铺垫。“草映身”，也不只是在为小儿画像，它在结构上，对于下句的“路人借问”还有着直接的承接关系──路人之向小儿打问，就因为看得见小儿。
后两句中“遥招手”的主语还是小儿。当路人问道，小儿害怕应答惊鱼，从老远招手而不回答。这是从动作和心理方面来刻划小孩，有心计，有韬略，机警聪明。小儿之所以要以动作来代替答话，是害怕把鱼惊散。小儿的动作是“遥招手”，说明小儿对路人的问话并非漠不关心。小儿在“招手”以后，又怎样向“路人”低声耳语，那是读者想象中的事，诗人再没有交代的必要，所以，在说明了“遥招手”的原因以后，诗作也就戛然而止。
在唐诗中，写儿童的题材比较少，因而显得可贵。这首七绝写小儿垂钓别有情趣。诗中没有绚丽的色彩，没有刻意的雕饰，就似一枝清丽的出水芙蓉，在平淡浅易的叙述中透露出几分纯真、无限童趣和一些专注。此诗不失为一篇情景交融、形神兼备的描写儿童的佳作。
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刘义庆《
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杨氏之子》
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崔道融《
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牧竖》
胡令能简介
唐代·胡令能的简介
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胡令能（785-826年），唐诗人，隐居圃田（河南中牟县）。唐贞元、元和时期人。家贫，年轻时以修补锅碗盆缸为生，人称“胡钉铰”。他的诗语言浅显而构思精巧，生活情趣很浓，现仅存七绝4首。唐贞元、元和时期人。莆田隐者，唐诗人少为负局锼钉之业。梦人剖其腹，以一卷书内之，遂能吟咏，远近号为胡钉铰。诗四首，皆写得十分生动传神、精妙超凡，不愧是仙家所赠之诗作。
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