海人谣
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唐代]：王建
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海人无家海里住，采珠役象为岁赋。
恶波横天山塞路，未央宫中常满库。
海人谣译文及注释
译文
海人没有家，天天在海船中居住。他们每天都要出海去采撷珍珠，杀象取牙来缴纳赋税。险恶的波浪翻涌连天，道路全被高山阻隔。皇宫中的珍珠、象牙常常堆满的府库。
注释
海人：常潜海底的劳动者。
役象：海南出象，采珠人使象作为纳税的交通工具。
恶波：指险恶的波涛。山塞路：言陆运之苦。
未央宫：西汉长安宫名，这里借指唐代皇宫。
杀象：象牙是贡物，杀象可以取牙。传说生活在海上的人有杀象祭风神以祈求风波平静的习俗。
海人谣鉴赏
此诗是一篇新乐府，通过鲜明的对比，揭示了在封建统治者的横征暴敛下，劳动人民的苦难生活。
“海人无家海里住”，诗一开始便交代了“海人”的生活状况及其工作环境。他们没有属于自己的家，常下水作业，大部分时间浸泡在又咸又涩的海水里。一个“住”字形象而准确地反映出“海人”的工作时间之长，劳动强度之大。用字可谓精准。次句“采珠役象为岁赋”对首句作了补叙。“海人”以采珠为业，以交纳赋税为目的。可见当时社会底层劳动人民的负担何其繁重，工作条件又是何其低劣。“恶波横天山塞路”乃诗人渲染之笔，对前两句作出具体的描绘。采珠之时常常是风大浪急、波涛蔽日，运珠之途常常是山陡路仄，坎坷难行。而“海人”却要年复一年地辛苦劳作，毫无安闲之时。度日非常艰难。以上三句对“海人”采珠纳税的整个过程描绘得层层深入，用语简洁生动，形象鲜明，通俗明晰。
末句“未央宫中常满库”是此诗最为精彩之处。与“海人”的无家与未央宫里的珠宝常常填满库房形成鲜明而强烈的对比。这里写出了一个残酷的事实：未央宫中满库房的珠宝竟是“海人”终年辛苦所得，而“海人”却穷困潦倒至“无家”的地步。诗人先以“海人”为描写对象，再现了他们工作条件的艰苦及其工作环境的恶劣程度，结尾处用重笔突出主题，戛然而止，用笔简洁峭拔，入木三分。劳动的果实自己不能享有，而全被统治者拿去，主人公内心的怨恨、哀伤可想而知。但诗人不予说破，语气含蓄，意在言外，隐含了作者对统治阶级肆意盘剥劳动人民的无耻行经的强烈讽刺和愤慨。王安石曾这样评价王建的诗：“看似寻常最奇崛，成如容易却艰辛！”
通篇看来，王建的《海人谣》篇幅短小，构思巧妙，语言通俗易懂且凝练精悍，极富表现力，有民歌谚谣的色彩，“独张籍、王建二家体制相似，稍复古意。或旧曲新声，或新题古意，词旨通畅，悲欢穷泰，慨然有古歌谣之风。”（《唐音癸签》卷七引）。通过前三句与尾句的对比，清晰地反映了诗人的不平和愤怒，尾句一出，便于不动声色中将题旨表露出来。
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李白《
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战城南》
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李白《
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猛虎行》
王建简介
唐代·王建的简介
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王建(约767年—约830年)：字仲初，生于颍川(今河南许昌)，唐朝诗人。其著作，《新唐书·艺文志》、《郡斋读书志》、《直斋书录解题》等皆作10卷，《崇文总目》作2卷。
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