菩萨蛮·七夕
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宋代]：陈师道
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东飞乌鹊西飞燕。盈盈一水经年见。急雨洗香车。天回河汉斜。
离愁千载上。相远长相望。终不似人间。回头万里山。
菩萨蛮·七夕鉴赏
牛郎织女的传说是中国一个古老的神话，《诗经·大东》就有了织女与牵牛两星分居银河两旁的叙述。到《古诗十九首·迢迢牵牛星》中，形成了故事的大致轮廓。以后在《岁华纪丽》、《尔雅翼》及六朝梁殷芸《小说》（《月令广义》引）等书中，关于这个神话的记载渐趋完整。到近代，流传于民间的，更是丰富充实，积极健康，成为脍炙人口的一则古代神话。由于这个神话在诸书中一般是以牛郎织女被银河阻隔，只能在一年一度的七夕靠鹊桥相会，终究被蒙上了一层悲剧的色彩。因此历代文人经常借这个神话故事来抒发离愁，陈师道的这首《菩萨蛮·七夕》也并不例外。
词的上片写七夕牛郎织女相会的情景。起句：“东飞乌鹊西飞燕，盈盈一水经年见。”是说平日牛郎织女在天河两侧，不得相见，“盈盈一水间，脉脉不得语”（《古诗十九首》），只有到了每年七月七日，才能由乌鹊架桥，在天河相会。“东飞乌鹊西飞燕”，状乌鹊和燕纷纷前来架桥的忙碌场景，这也是让牛郎织女克服“盈盈一水”的阻隔而相会聚首的唯一条件。经年不见，只能隔河对泣；此时相逢，相见自然恨晚。“急雨洗香车，天回河汉斜”，衬托了两人盼望见面的急切心情，也隐含了历经劫难的艰苦历程。香车，泛指古代贵族妇女的专车，梁孝元帝《车名诗》：“佳人坐椒屋，按膝对兰薰，绕砌萦流水，边梁图画云，锦色悬殊众，衣香遥出群。”这里指织女所乘之车。河汉，即天河，《广志》：“天河曰银汉，又曰银河，亦曰天汉、天津、绛河、明河。”
下片以“离愁千载上”换头，抒发天上“不似人间”的感喟。牛郎织女的悲剧，其核心是有GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人不能成眷属，千载悠悠，离愁绵绵。远隔天一方，“相远长相望”，这是何等的憾事。但是，“相远”犹能“长相望”，“人间”却“回头万里山”，连“长相望”亦不得，这种“终不似”就显得越加沉痛了。得到这个结论以后，“回头万里山”，对坎坷不平的人间，一种夹杂着钦羡和惆怅的复杂心情不免油然而生。据《宋史》载，陈师道“高介有节，安贫乐道”，平时常“终日不炊”，死后由友人“买棺敛之”。这首词作，作者恐怕也有借天上的牛郎织女的悲剧来衬写人间无数悲剧的意思。
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李嘉祐《
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早秋京口旅泊章侍御寄书相问因以》
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李贺《
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七夕》
陈师道简介
唐代·陈师道的简介
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陈师道（1053～1102）北宋官员、诗人。字履常，一字无己，号后山居士，汉族，彭城（今江苏徐州）人。元祐初苏轼等荐其文行，起为徐州教授，历仕太学博士、颖州教授、秘书省正字。一生安贫乐道，闭门苦吟，有“闭门觅句陈无己”之称。陈师道为苏门六君子之一，江西诗派重要作家。亦能词，其词风格与诗相近，以拗峭惊警见长。但其诗、词存在着内容狭窄、词意艰涩之病。著有《后山先生集》，词有《后山词》。
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近现代：
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