送进士下第归南海
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唐代]：曹邺
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数片红霞映夕阳，揽君衣袂更移觞。
行人莫叹碧云晚，上国每年春草芳。
雪过蓝关寒气薄，雁回湘浦怨声长。
应无惆怅沧波远，十二玉楼非我乡。
送进士下第归南海鉴赏
诗人曹邺的作品似乎被他的民谣风名诗《官仓鼠》所掩盖，今人的一些选本多只选他的《官仓鼠》，或者加上他的《捕鱼谣》等二、三首。其实诗人曹邺所存的一些咏史诗、赠别诗乃至写景诗，都有一些佳作。其中一些作品亦曾受到历代读者的热爱。《送进士下第归南海》一诗是曹邺送别诗的名作，晚唐诗人韦庄在他的著名唐诗选本《又玄集》中，选录了这首诗。可见这首诗在当时就受到人们的欢迎。景色明丽的初冬傍晚，夕阳斜照，天边飘着几片红霞，和夕阳相互映衬着。诗人和即将南归的朋友，手挽着手，在路边设酒宴送别。他们饮了一杯又一杯，送了一程又一程。在轻快明丽的景色衬托下，友朋宴别的感情显得深情而明朗。
诗的后三联是关怀劝勉友人的诗句。“行人莫叹碧云晚”借江淹“日暮碧云”之语，一是表示惜别，一是劝勉友人不必因为下第而感叹。语气委婉舒缓，使失意的朋友感到友谊的温情。“上国每年春草芳”承接前一句，进一步鼓励朋友，诗意仍然是委婉含蓄。“上国”是京城的代语，“每年春草芳”用暗喻手法，意思是京中每年都举行科举考试，中举的机会很多，正不必为一次失败而消沉。这一句描绘了明丽美好的春光，对前途充满信心，给友人更大的鼓励与安慰。
颈联中诗人转而想念友人此行之前途。“雪过蓝关寒气薄，雁回湘浦怨声长”不仅对仗工整，而且情意深长。南海，今广州、佛山一带，蓝关、湘浦是友人前往南海必经之地。遥想友人经过蓝关之后，寒气减弱，衣着须注意；湘浦雁回，思念之情当会萌生。这里既关怀友人漫长途程，又以体察入微的态度理解友人心情，给人如获知音的亲切感。
尾联以更深一层的劝勉作结。十二楼，传说昆仑山有五城十二楼，是仙人居住的处所，此处借指出世隐居。希望友人不必在江海沧波之中惆怅留连，不要作出世隐居之想，应该积极入世进取。这里回应了“上国每年春草芳”一句，对友人充满了期冀、祝祷的真情厚意，使整首诗的含意更为超凡、脱俗。古人送别诗，多是渲染别情的孤楚、悲苦，曹邺这首诗没有一般送别诗的悲叹，不仅仅沉浸在别离的凄苦中，它在色泽明丽的背景下，有安慰、有关怀、有理解、有鼓励、有期待，意境鲜明、语气亲切委婉、格调清新明丽，是一首别具一格的送别诗作。
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曹邺《
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望不来》
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曹邺《
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城南野居寄知己》
曹邺简介
唐代·曹邺的简介
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曹邺，字邺之，桂州（桂林）阳朔人，与晚唐著名诗人刘驾、聂夷中、于濆、邵谒、苏拯齐名，而以曹邺才颖最佳。
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