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不耻下问的成语故事


不耻下问

拼音bù chǐ xià wèn

基本解释不耻:不以为耻辱;下问:降低身份请教别人。不以向比自己学识差或地位低的人去请教为可耻。形容虚心求教。

出处先秦 孔子《论语 公冶长》:“敏而好学,不耻下问,是以谓之文也。”何晏集解:“下问,谓凡在己下者。”



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不耻下问的典故

春秋时代的孔子是我国伟大的思想家、政治家、教育家,儒家学派的创始人。人们都尊奉他为圣人。然而孔子认为,无论什么人,包括他自己,都不是生下来就有学问的。

一次,孔子去鲁国国君的祖庙参加祭祖典礼,他不时向人询问,差不多每件事都问到了。有人在背后嘲笑他,说他不懂礼仪,什么都要问。孔子听到这些议论后说:“对于不懂的事,问个明白,这正是我要求知礼的表现啊。”

那时,卫国有个大夫叫孔圉(音yu),虚心好学,为人正直。当时社会有个习惯,在最高统治者或其他有地位的人死后,给他另起一个称号,叫谥(音shi)号。按照这个习俗,孔圉死后,授于他的谥号为“文”,所以后来人们又称他为孔文子。

孔子的学生子贡有些不服气,他认为孔圉也有不足的地方,于是就去问孔子:“老师,孔文子凭什么可以被称为‘文’呢?”

孔子回答:“敏而好学,不耻下问,是以谓之‘文’也。”意思是说孔圉聪敏又勤学,不以向职位比自己低、学问比自己差的人求学为耻辱,所以可以用“文”字作为他的谥号。


更多成语出处和典故


※ 与(不耻下问)相关的成语及历史出处:

成语 历史出处

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众多非一

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汉 王充《论衡 别通》:“孔子道美,故譬以宗庙,众多非一,故喻以百官。”

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不骄不躁

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毛泽东《中共中央关于同国民党进行和平谈判的通知》:“只要同志们对于军事政策(行动和作战)和团结人民的政策,不犯大错误,谦虚谨慎,不骄不躁,是完全有办法的。”

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一指蔽目,不见泰山

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谢觉哉《关于独立思考》:“至于全体的事,不管好处多大,总是‘一指蔽目,不见泰山’。”

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如臂使指

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东汉 班固《汉书 贾谊传》:“令海内之势如身之使臂,臂之使指,莫不制从。”

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经纬天下

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《史记·秦始皇本纪》:“普施明法,经纬天下,永为仪则。”

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反老还童

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清 翟灏《通俗编 识馀》:“《急就章》‘长乐无极老复丁’即《参同契》所云老翁复丁壮也,今变之曰反老还童。”

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进道若退

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《老子》:“明道若昧,进道若退。”

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语不惊人

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唐 杜甫《江上值水如海势聊短述》诗:“为人性僻耽佳句,语不惊人死不休。”

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结驷连骑

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西汉 司马迁《史记 仲尼弟子列传》:“子贡相卫,而结驷连骑,排藜藿入穷阎,过谢原宪。”

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光前裕后

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明 李贽《答耿司寇书》:“世人之所以光前裕后者,无时刻而不系念。”