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辞源阁a>成语词典飞将数奇飞将数奇的故事
飞将数奇的成语故事

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基本解释飞将,本作飞将军,后指矫健敏捷的将领。数奇,即奇数,俗称单数。古人认为单数不吉利。比喻运气不好,有能力但是没有发挥能力的机会或环境。
出处西汉·司马迁《史记·李将军列传》:“李广老,数奇。”
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飞将数奇的典故
李广是汉朝的名将,擅长骑射。他没有口才,不大说话除了射箭,几乎没有别的什么爱好。和将士们在一起,他总喜欢和人比赛射箭。每到一处,打听得有虎,他就一定要亲自去射。在右北平(今河北省东北部地区)的时候,因为射虎,曾受了伤,但他还是把虎射死了。一天,黄昏时分,在山林中的丛草里,见有一块巨石,以为是虎,就射了一箭。第二天去查看时,才知不是虎,那支箭深深地射进石头里去了。
据《史记》载,李广是汉文帝时入伍的,在抵抗匈奴侵略的战争中,立过不少功。在汉景帝和汉武帝时代,每一次抵抗匈奴的战争,李广几乎都参加了,而且屡次以少击多,出奇制胜。匈奴侵略者对于李广,又害怕又敬佩,称他为“飞将军”。
有一次,李广受命领着少数兵马,出长城去和人数众多的匈奴侵略者作战。因双方实力过于悬殊,李广不敌被俘。在被解往敌营的途中,他趁敌人不备,突然跃起,夺了一匹好马,飞奔逃回。匈奴兵几百人狠命追赶,被他射死多人,终于脱险。可是逃回后,汉军却“按军法”判他死罪。他缴纳了大量赎金,才以撤免官职了事。
过了几年,匈奴又大举进犯,李广又奉命带4000骑兵去抵抗。他被匈奴4 万兵团团围住,部下都非常害怕。李广派他儿子李敢,只带几十骑兵,从左到右,直穿敌人阵地,跑了一圈,回来报告道:“没什么,匈奴不难对付!”部下这才稍为安心。李广亲自用最强劲的大弓,射杀敌人部将。连杀好几人,敌人的攻势渐见减退。李广指挥将士,沉着应战,气概从容,毫无慌乱之色。大家深受感动,勇气也因此大增。这样艰苦支持了两天,援军来到,敌人才退去。
李广最后一次与匈奴作战,已经60多岁了,可是他精神抖擞,毫无老态。这一次,大军由大将军卫青统率。李广名义上是前将军,可是卫青怕他立功,不让他正面出阵,故意叫他绕东路。后因没有向导,迷失了路,未能如期开赴指定地点,被借此问罪。李广气愤不过,竟被逼自刎而死。
李广有个堂兄弟,名叫李蔡,汉文帝时,与李广同为“郎”一级的小官,声望远不如李广,只是一个平凡的庸人罢了。然而到了武帝时代,李蔡已被封侯爵,官居丞相。而李广这位一生与匈奴侵略者作战70余次的“飞将军”,却落了个悲惨的下场!人们为李广抱不平,但是,除了抱怨命运之外,谁能说什么呢!“飞将数奇”这句成语,便由此产生。
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