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辞源阁a>成语词典车水马龙车水马龙的故事
车水马龙的成语故事

拼音chē shuǐ mǎ lóng
基本解释车络绎不绝;有如流水;马首尾相接;好像游龙。形容沿途车马很多;成群结队;繁华热闹的场面。也作“马龙车水”。
出处南朝 宋 范晔《后汉书 皇后纪上 明德马皇后》:“前过濯龙门上,见外家问起居者,车如流水,马如游龙。”
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车水马龙的典故
东汉名将马援的小女儿马氏,由于父母早亡,年纪很小时就操办家中的事情,把家务料理得井然有序,亲朋们都称赞她是个能干的人。
十三岁那年,马氏被选进宫内。她先是侍候汉光武帝的皇后,很受宠爱。光武帝去世后,太子刘庄即位,就是汉明帝,马氏被封为贵人。由于她一直没有生育,便收养了贾氏的一个儿子,取名为刘火旦(da)。公元60年,由于皇太后对她非常宠爱,她被立为明帝的皇后。
马氏当了皇后,生活还是非常俭朴。她常穿粗布衣服,裙子也不镶边。一些嫔妃朝见她时,还以为她穿了特别好的料子制成的衣服。走到近前,才知道是极普通的衣料,从此对她更尊敬了。
马皇后知书识理,时常认真地阅读《春秋》、《楚辞》等著作。有一次,明帝故意把大臣的奏章给她看,并问她应如何处理,她看后当场提出中肯的意见。但她并不因此而干预朝政,此后再也不主动去谈论朝廷的事。
明帝死后,刘煌即位,这就是汉章帝。马皇后被尊为皇太后。不久,章帝根据一些大臣的建议,打算对皇太后的弟兄封爵。马太后遵照已去世的光武帝有关后妃家族不得封侯的规定,明确地反对这样做,因此这件事没有办。第二年夏天,发生了大旱灾。一些大臣又上奏说,今年所以大旱,是因为去年不封外戚的缘故。他们再次要求分封马氏舅父。马太后还是不同意,并且为此专门发了诏书,诏书上说:“凡是提出要对外戚封爵的人,都是想献媚于我,都是要从中取得好处。天大旱跟封爵有什么关系?要记住前朝的教训,宠贵外戚会招来倾覆的大祸。先帝不让外戚担任重要的职务,防备的就是这个。今后,怎能再让马氏走老路呢?”诏书接着说:“马家的舅父,个个都很富贵。我身为太后,还是食不求甘,穿着简朴,左右宫妃也尽量俭朴。我这样做的目的,是为下边做个样子,让外亲见了好反省自己。可是,他们不反躬自责,反而笑话我太俭省。前几天我路过娘家住地濯(zhuo)龙园的门前,见从外面到舅舅家拜候、请安的,车子像流水那样不停地驶去,马匹往来不绝,好像一条游龙,招摇得很。他们家的佣人,穿得整整齐齐,衣眼绿色,领和袖雪白,看看我们的车上,比他们差远了。我当时竭力控制自己,没有责备他们。他们只知道自己享乐,根本不为国家忧愁,我怎么能同意给他们加官进爵呢?”
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