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党同伐异的成语故事


党同伐异

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基本解释党:原同“傥”;指偏袒;现在也指结伙;伐:攻击偏袒或聚集同自己意见相同的人;排斥、攻击跟自己意见不同的人。泛指社会上成帮结派相互斗争。

出处南朝 宋 范晔《后汉书 党锢传序》:“自武帝以后,崇尚儒学,至有石渠分争之论,党同伐异之说,守文之徒,盛于时矣。”



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党同伐异的典故

公元前141年,刘彻即位,史称汉武帝。他当政的第二年就下一道诏书,命朝廷大臣和各地诸侯、郡守推贤良文学之士。诏书下达后不久,各地送来了一百多个有才学的读书人。武帝命他们每人写一篇怎样治理国家的文章,其有有个名叫董仲舒的文章写得不错,武帝亲自召见他两次,问了他不少话。董仲舒回话后,又呈上两篇文章,武帝看了都非常满意。

董仲舒的三篇文章,都是论述天和人关系的,所以合称为《天人三策》,又称《举贤良对策》。其中宣扬的理论,叫做“天人感应”。这种理论把封建统治尤其是皇帝的权力神化:谁反对皇帝,谁就是反对“天”,就是大逆不道。

为了贯彻这套理论,董仲舒在《天人三策》中提出了三项建议:一是将诸子百家的学说当作邪说,予以禁上,独尊孔子及其儒家经典,以通过文化上的统制,达到政治上的统一。这就是所谓“罢黜百家;独尊儒术”。二是设立传授儒家经典的最高学府。三是网罗天下人才,使他们忠心耿耿地为朝廷服务。

董仲舒“罢黜百家;独尊儒术”主张,非常合乎武帝一统天下的心思。他亲政后,就设置了专门传授儒家学说的五经博士,向五十名弟子讲述《诗》《书》《易》《春秋》等五部儒家经典。这些弟子每年考试一次,学通一经的就可以做官,成绩好的可当大官。后来博士弟子人数不断增加,最多时达三千人。

到汉宣帝刘询当政的时候,儒家思想已经成为维护封建统治的下统思想,儒家学说更是盛行,刘询自己也让五经名儒萧望之来教授太子。但由于当时儒生对五经有不同的理解,所以宣帝决定进行一次讨论。

公元前51年,由萧望之主持,在皇家藏书楼兼讲经处的石渠阁,进行了一次大规模的讨论。在讨论过程中,儒生们把和自己观点一样的人作为同党,互相纠合起来;而对观点不一样的人,则进行攻击。为此,《后汉书》的作者在评述这一现象时,把它称为“党同伐异”,也就是纠合同党攻击异已。


更多成语出处和典故


※ 与(党同伐异)相关的成语及历史出处:

成语 历史出处

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浇风薄俗

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唐 陈黯《辩谋》:“得之则逸身丰家,不得则嫉时怨命,噫,此真浇风薄俗者之心也。”

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坐薪悬胆

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《金史 术虎筠寿传》:“中都食尽,远弃庙社,陛下当坐薪悬胆之日,奈何以球鞠细物动摇民间。”

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回心转意

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元 高则诚《琵琶记》第31出:“怕你爹爹也有回心转意时节,且更耐看如何?”

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畏缩不前

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宋 魏泰《东轩笔录》第七卷:“唐子方始弹张尧佐,与谏官皆上疏。及弹文公,,则吴奎畏缩不前,当时谓拽动阵脚。”

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卑谄足恭

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西汉 司马迁《史记 五宗世家》:“彭祖为人巧佞、卑谄足恭而心刻深。”

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章甫荐履

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《文选 贾谊<吊屈原文>》:“章甫荐履,渐不可久兮。”

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遗形藏志

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汉·严遵《道德指归论·上德不德》:“遗形藏志,与道相得。”

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有去无回

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柯岗《逐鹿中原》第11章:“反而成了肉包子打狗,有去无回了!”

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十全大补

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清·吴趼人《二十年目睹之怪现状》第85回:“只见一个医生在那里和他诊脉,开了脉案,定了一个十全大补汤加减,便去了。”

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半路出家

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《京本通俗小说 错斩崔宁》:“先前读书,后来看看不济,却去改业做生意。便是半路上出家的一般。”